C. Definisi Etnografi KomunikasiEtn

C. Definisi Etnografi Komunikasi
Etnografi komunikasi adalah metode analisis wacana dalam linguistik atau bisa juga dikatakan bahwa etnografi komunikasi merupakan penerapan metode etnografis pada pola komunikasi yang bermakna baik menggunakan tuturan verbal maupun isyarat, bahasa tubuh atau tanda nonverbal dalam sebuah kelompok. Di sini, seorang penafsir mencoba memberikan pengertian bagi beragam bentuk komunikasi yang digunakan oleh anggota kelompok atau budaya.
Sebelum istilah etnografi komunikasi semakin populer dipakai, istilah etnografi berbicara (ethnography of speaking) lebih awal diacu sebagai pemerian pemakaian bahasa lisan. Etnografi komunikasi menjadi lebih luas karena tidak hanya melingkupi modus komunikasi lisan (speaking), tetapi juga melibatkan komunikasi tulis (writing) serta komunikasi isyarat (gesture), gerakan tubuh (kinesics), atau tanda (signing).
Istilah etnography of speaking awalnya diperkenalkan oleh seorang pakar antropologi dan sekaligus pakar linguistik Amerika, Dell Hymes.
Hymes memprihatinkan karya para pakar antropologi dan linguistik yang melupakan wilayah komunikasi manusia yang luas dan penting. Para antropolog telah lama melakukan kajian etnografis tentang aspek-aspek budaya seperti sistem kekerabatan, pandangan tradisional tentang obat-obatan dan penyembuhan penyakit; persoalan bahasa diperlakukan di bawah aspek lain, yaitu sebagai sarana untuk memperoleh topik-topik lain dari bahasa. Banyak buku yang mengkaji tentang perbandingan agama, perbandingan politik dan sebagainya, tetapi tidak ada buku tentang perbandingan wicara dari berbagai suku. Para linguis, menurutnya juga terlalu mementingkan bahasa sebagai sistem abstrak. Mereka terpaku untuk memerikan dan menjelaskan struktur kalimat yang dianggap gramatikal oleh penutur asli. Namun, bagaimana orang menggunakan kalimat itu apakah berbeda dengan kalimat lain, apakah kalimat itu menyuruh orang lain, atau memamerkan ujaran saja, dianggap di luar perhatian teori linguistik. Menurut Hymes “para pakar ilmu sosial memisahkan diri dari isi tutur, dan kedua pakar itu memisahkan diri dari pola penggunaan tutur” (1974:126). Etnografi komunikasi akan mengisi kesenjangan itu dengan menambahkan hal lain (pertuturan atau komunikasi) terhadap topik-topik garapan bidang antropologi bagi pemerian etnografis, dan mengembangkan kajian linguistik.

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c. definition of ethnography of communication
ethnography of communication is a method of discourse analysis in linguistics or it could also be said that the ethnography of communication is the application of ethnographic methods in meaningful communication patterns using either speech or verbal cues, body language or nonverbal signs in a group. here,an interpreter tries to provide understanding for the diverse forms of communication used by members of a group or culture.
Before the term ethnography of communication increasingly popular use, the term ethnography of speaking (ethnography of speaking) earlier referred to as the descriptions of the use of spoken language.ethnography of communication become more widespread because not only covers oral communication mode (speaking), but also involves a written communication (writing) and communication cues (gestures), body movements (kinesics), or the sign (signing).
term Etnography of speaking was originally introduced by an anthropologist and linguist at the same time American, Dell Hymes.
Hymes concerning the work of anthropology and linguistics experts who forget the wide area of ​​human communication and critical. anthropologists have long been conducting ethnographic study of cultural aspects such as kinship systems, the traditional view of medicine and healing diseases; language issues are treated under other aspects,ie as a means to obtain other topics of language. reviewing many books on comparative religion, comparative politics and so on, but there is no book on the comparison of the various parts of speech. linguists, according to him, is also very concerned with language as an abstract system.they are glued to describe and explain the grammatical structure of the sentence is considered by native speakers. however, how people use it is a different sentence with another sentence, whether the sentence was to have someone else, or display of any utterance, considered outside the concern of linguistic theory. according to Hymes' social scientists to separate themselves from the content of speech,and two experts were split off from the pattern of use of speech "(1974:126). ethnography of communication will fill that gap by adding other things (substitutions or communications) of the topics claim to describing ethnographic anthropology, and to develop linguistic analysis.

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C. definition of the Ethnography of communication communication is a method of Ethnography
analysis of discourse in linguistics or it could also be argued that the application of the method of communication Ethnography ethnographic in meaningful communication patterns using either speech or verbal cues, body language or nonverbal signs in a group. Here, an interpreter tried to give a sense of the diverse form of communication that is used by members of a group or culture.
Before the term ethnography of communication the more popular term used ethnography of speaking (ethnography of speaking) earlier referred to as the physical characteristics of usage of oral language. Ethnography of communication become more widespread because it not only covers the oral communication mode (speaking), but also involves writing communications (writing) as well as the communication signals (gesture), a body movement (kinesics) or signs (signing)
Term etnography of speaking was originally introduced by an expert on anthropology and Linguistics expert and us, Dell Hymes.
Hymes concern by scholars of anthropology and Linguistics who forget the vast human and communication is important. Anthropologists have long been conducting ethnographic studies of cultural aspects such as systems of kinship, traditional views about medicine and healing disease; the language issue is treated under other aspects, i.e. as a means to acquire other topics of language. Many books that examine about comparative religion, comparative politics and so forth, but there were no books on speech comparison of the various tribes. The linguist, he also is too concerned with the language as an abstract system. They glued to describe and explain the grammatical structure of sentences that are considered by native speakers. However, how people use that phrase is different from the other, whether the sentence is a sentence that tells another person, or show off the speech, are considered outside attention to linguistic theory. According to Hymes "scholars of social sciences separated from the content of said, and the two experts were split off from the usage patterns said "(1988: 126). Ethnography of communication will fill the gaps by adding other things (or speech communication) to topics in anthropology for ethnographic description, and developed the study of Linguistics.