ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PPOMDefinisiPeny

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PPOM
Definisi
Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik ( PPOK ) atau Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Menahun (PPOM) merupakan satu kelompok penyakit paru yang mengakibatkan obstruksi yang menahun dan persisten dari jalan nafas di dalam paru. Termasuk dalam kelompok ini yaitu : bronchitis menahun, emfisema paru, beberapa bentuk dari pada asma, bronkiektasis, dan lain lain.
Etiologi
Berbagai penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit paru obstruksi menahun antara lain:
Emfisema

Emfisema paru merupakan suatu definisi anatomik, yaitu suatu perubahan anatomik paru yang ditandai dengan melebarnya secara abnormal saluran udara bagian distal bronkus terminalis, yang disertai kerusakan dinding alveolus. Sesuai dengan definisi tersebut, maka jika ditemukan kelainan berupa pelebaran ruang udara (alveolus) tanpa disertai adanya destruksi jaringan maka keadaan ini sebenarnya tidak termasuk emfisema, melainkan hanya sebagai "overinflation". Emfisema akan menyebabkan defek pada aliran udara.
Bronchitis kronik
Bronchitis adalah penyakit pernapasan dimana selaput lendir pada saluran-saluran bronchial paru meradang. Ketika selaput yang teriritasi membengkak dan tumbuh lebih tebal, hal ini menyebabkan penyempitan bronkus, berakibat pada serangan-serangan batuk yang disertai oleh dahak dan sesak napas.
Asma bronkiale
Asma merupakan suatu penyakit yang dicirikan oleh hipersensitivitas cabang-cabang trakeobronkial terhadap berbagai jenis rangsangan. Keadaan ini bermanifestasi sebagai penyempitan saluran-saluran napas secara periodic dan reversible akibat bronkospasme.
Bronkiektasis
Bronkiektasis adalah dilatasi bronkus dan bronkiolus kronik yang mungkin disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi, termasuk infeksi paru dan obstruksi bronkus, aspirasi benda asing, muntahan, atau benda-benda dari saluran pernapasan atas, dan tekanan terhadap tumor, pembuluh darah yang berdilatasi dan pembesaran nodus limfe.
Manifestasi klinik (Tanda dan gejala)

Bronchitic
Batuk berdahak (dahaknya bisa berwarna kemerahan)
Sesak napas ketika melakukan olah raga atau aktivitas ringan
Sering menderita infeksi pernapasan (misalnya flu)
Lelah
Pembengkakan pergelangan kaki, kaki dan tungkai kiri dan kanan
Wajah, telapak tangan atau selaput lendir yang berwarna kemerahan
Pipi tampak kemerahan
Sakit kepala

Emfisema
Dispnea
Takipnea
Inspeksi : barrel chest, penggunaan otot bantu pernapasan
Perkusi : hiperresonan, penurunan fremitus pada seluruh bidang paru
Auskultasi bunyi napas : krekles, ronchi, perpanjangan ekspirasi
Hipoksemia
Hiperkapnia
Anoreksia
Penurunan BB
Kelemahan

Asma
Batuk
Dispnea
Hipoksia
Takikardi
Berkeringat
Pelebaran tekanan nadi

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

NURSING CARE of PPOM

definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or Chronically obstructive pulmonary disease (PPOM) is a group of illnesses that result in an obstruction and persistent from the chronically breath in his lungs. Included in this group are: chronical pulmonary emphysema, bronchitis, some forms of asthma, bronkiektasis, and etc.

EtiologyA wide range of diseases that can cause pulmonary obstruction disease chronical as follows:


pulmonary Emphysema Emphysema is a definition, i.e. a change anatomik anatomik pulmonary melebarnya is characterized by abnormal distal parts of the bronchial Airways terminalis, accompanied by damage to the walls of alveoli. According to this definition, so if the abnormality is found in the form of widening air spaces (alveoli) without commensurate destruction network then this State is actually not including emphysema, but rather simply as "overinflation". Emphysema causes air flow on the septal.

Chronicle Bronchitis Bronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucous membrane channels bronchial lung inflamed. When an irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, this causes a narrowing of the bronchi, resulting in coughing attacks are accompanied by phlegm and shortness of breath.
bronkiale
Asthma Asthma is a disease that is characterized by its branches trakeobronkial hypersensitivity against different types of stimuli. This condition manifests as narrowing channels of periodic breathing and reversible due to bronchospasm.
Bronkiektasis
Bronkiektasis bronkiolus and bronchial dilation is Chronicle which may be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections of the lungs and bronchial obstruction, aspiration of foreign matter, flooded, or objects from the upper respiratory tract, and pressure on tumor, the berdilatasi blood vessels and lymph node enlargement.
Manifestation clinic (signs and symptoms)

Bronchitic
Cough berdahak (dahaknya can be reddish-colored)
shortness of breath when doing sports or mild activity
Often suffer from respiratory infections (e.g. flu)
Tired
Swelling ankles, feet and limbs left and right
face, the Palm of the hand or reddish colored mucous membrane of the cheeks appear rosy

Ill head


Dispnea Emphysema
Takipnea
inspection: barrel chest muscle, use breathing apparatus
Percussion: hiperresonan, decreased fremitus in the entire field of lung sound Auscultation breath:
krekles, ronchi, extension ekspirasi
Hipoksemia
Hiperkapnia


BB Loss Anorexia Weakness Asthma Cough





Hypoxia DispneaFlutter

Widening pulse pressure Sweating

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Nursing care PPOM
definition of
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PPOM) is a group of lung diseases that result in chronic and persistent obstruction of the airways in the lungs. Included in this group are: chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, some forms of asthma, bronchiectasis, and others.
etiology
variety of diseases that can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among others:
Emphysema Pulmonary Emphysema is an anatomic definition, which is an anatomic changes in pulmonary which is characterized by abnormal widening of the distal part of the bronchial airways terminal, which is accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls. In accordance with the definition, then if found to be abnormal dilation of the air spaces (alveoli) without the presence of tissue destruction that these circumstances do not actually include emphysema, but only as "overinflation". Emphysema causes a defect in the air flow. Bronchitis Chronic Bronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucous membranes of the bronchial channels inflamed lung. As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it causes constriction of the bronchi, resulting in coughing attacks were accompanied by phlegm and shortness of breath. bronkiale Asthma Asthma is a disease characterized by hypersensitivity tracheobronchial branches to various types of stimuli. This condition manifests as airway constriction channels due to periodic and reversible bronchospasm. Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis is a chronic dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles that may be caused by various conditions, including pulmonary infection and bronchial obstruction, foreign body aspiration, vomit, or objects of channel upper respiratory, and pressure on the tumor, blood vessels were dilated and enlarged lymph nodes. clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) bronchitic cough up phlegm (sputum can be colored red) Shortness of breath when doing light exercise or activity often suffer from respiratory infections (eg influenza) Tired Swollen ankles, feet and legs left and right face, palms or reddish mucous membrane looks rosy cheeks Headache Emphysema Dyspnea Tachypnea Inspection: barrel chest, use of accessory muscles Percussion: hiperresonan, decreased fremitus in all areas of pulmonary auscultation sounds breath: krekles, Ronchi, extension of expiration Hypoxemia hypercapnia Anorexia Weight loss Weakness Asthma Cough Dyspnea Hypoxia Tachycardia Sweating Widening pulse pressure