Biosynthesis
Latex is formed on the surface of small objects (called "rubber body") spherical size of 5 nm to 5 μm are abundant in the cytosol of the cells of the latex vessels (modification of phloem). As the substrates is isopentenyl diphosphate (IPD) produced by the cells of the latex vessels. With the help of prenil transferase catalysis, elongation occurs on the surface of the rubber body which carries a 14-kDa polypeptide called rubber elongation factor (REF). As a starter making materials, it is also necessary 3,3-dimethylallyl diphosphate as a second substrate. An isomerase enzyme needed for this task.
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