PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWI TENTANG PENYA

PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWI TENTANG PENYAKIT HEPATITIS A
SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN DI ASRAMA ESTHER
HALL UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA BANDUNG

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE HEPATITIS A BEFORE AND AFTER ILLUMINATION IN THE ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN DORMITORY ESTHER HALL .

Jesicha Febrina Sinaga

ABSTRAK

Hepatitis A adalah infeksi hati yang disebabkan oleh virus Hepatitis A (HAV) virus genom RNA beruntai tunggal dan linear dengan ukuran 7.8 kilobyte. Virus Hepatitis A merupakan anggota famili pikornaviradae berukuran 27-32 nanometer dengan bentuk partikel yang membulat. HAV mempunyai simetri kubik, tidak memiliki selubung, serta tahan terhadap panas dan kondisi asam.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil wawancara penulis terhadap 12 orang mahasiswi Universitas Advent Indonesia (UNAI) pada akhir bulan September 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang penyakit Hepatitis A sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan di asrama Esther Hall Universitas Advent Indonesia Bandung. Populasi 45 orang mahasiswi asrama Esther Hall lantai 1 yang seluruhnya dijadikan sebagai responden. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari 20 butir pertanyaan yang diformulasikan berdasarkan teori Price and Wilson (2005), Sriwidodo (2008), Indrawati (2008), Yusrin (2008), Febrian (2009), Martin (2010), Kusnindar (2010).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang Hepatitis A sebelum penyuluhan termasuk rendah. Pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang Hepatitis A sesudah penyuluhan termasuk tinggi. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang hepatitis A sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Saran yang diberikan kepada Kepala Asrama Putri adalah diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan dan bahan informasi dalam memotivasi mahasiswi untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut mengenai Hepatitis A agar dapat mencegah penyakit Hepatitis A. Untuk bidang penelitian diharapkan penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai data dasar untuk mengembangkan penelitian berikut seperti perilaku makan sembarangan dengan terjadinya hepatitis A.











ABSTRACT

Background of this research interviews the author of 12 persons Indonesian Adventist University student (UNAI) at the end of September 2012. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of student knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in dorm Esther Hall Bandung Adventist University of Indonesia. Boarding student population 45 Esther Hall 1st floor entirely as respondents. Research instrument consisting of a 20 questions are formulated based on the theory of Price and Wilson (2005), Sriwidodo (2008), Indrawati (2008), Yusrin (2008), Febrian (2009), Martin (2010), Kusnindar (2010).
The results showed that knowledge about Hepatitis A Sorority before the extension include low. The Sororitys knowledge about Hepatitis A after the extension include high there is a significant difference between a student's knowledge about hepatitis A before and after illumination.The advice given to the Chief's daughter Boarder is expected to become the inputs and information materials in motivating students to learn more about Hepatitis A in order to prevent the disease Hepatitis A. for areas of research are expected to these studies can be used as basic data to develop the following research as behavior eat carelessly with the occurrence of Hepatitis A.

PENDAHULUAN

Hepatitis telah menjadi masalah global saat ini. Diperkirakan 80 persen penduduk di dunia sekarang sudah pernah tertular virus Hepatitis terutama Hepatitis A. Hepatitis A adalah salah satu penyakit peradangan di hati yang ringan namun menular, sering kali orang dengan penyakit Hepatitis A tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya telah terkena penyakit ini karena gejala-gejala kadang tidak tampak seperti penyakit lainnya.Waluyo (2011:27) mengatakan bahwa penyakit Hepatitis A adalah jenis Hepatitis yang paling ringan, namun sangat menular.
Sunardi (2007:22) menyatakan bahwa berdasarkan penelitian World Health Organization tahun 2007 sekitar satu juta orang di dunia pertahun pernah mengidap penyakit Hepatitis A. Dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada negara berkembang. Penyakit ini jarang ditemui di negara maju namun cukup sering di temui di negara berkembang seperti di Afrika, India, Asia, dan Amerika selatan.
Fita (2011) mengatakan bahwa menurut dinas kesehatan Jawa Barat tahun 2011 menetapkan Provinsi Jabar berstatus kejadian luar biasa (KLB) kasus penyebaran penyakit Hepatitis A. Di Depok di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan negeri II Depok ada sekitar 90 orang siswa termasuk guru-guru yang terjangkit Hepatitis A yang diakibatkan oleh jajanan kantin. Di Kampus Universitas Parahyangan Bandung, pada awal bulan Oktober terdapat 40 mahasiswa positif terkena penyakit Hepatitis A. Para mahasiswa tersebut terkena Hepatitis A karena jajanan makanan yang kurang bersih dan kondisi tubuh yang kurang baik, di Sekolah Dasar Jati Cipatat Bandung 6 siswa SD terserang Hepatitis A dimana sumber penyakit berasal dari jajanan makanan yang ada disekolah tersebut.
Netta (2009) mengatakan bahwa patofisiologi Hepatitis A adalah virus yang menyerang hati menyebabkan peradangan dan infiltrate pada hepatocytes oleh sel mononukleus. Respon peradangan menyebabkan pembengkakan dalam memblokir sistem drainage hati, sehingga terjadi destruksi pada sel hati.
Hernawati (2008:11) mengemukakan bahwa pengobatan Hepatitis A dapat dilakukan dengan tepat jika diagnosis yang dilakukan juga tepat.Untuk mendapatkan diagnosis yang tepat perlu adanya pemeriksaan penunjang yang tepat seperti; pemeriksaan laboratorium dan ultrasonografi.
Indrawati (2008:19) menyatakan bahwa pencegahan Hepatitis dapat dilakukan dengan tepat jika setiap orang mengetahui cara mencegah penyebaran penyakit tersebut. Pencegahan terhadap penyakit Hepatitis A dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara yaitu: Imunisasi, Imunisasi Sementara, Higiene, Sanitasi.
Fiore (2008:2) pada sebagian besar kasus hanya diperlukan terapi suportif untuk mengatasi gejala yang ada dan tidak diperlukan terapi spesifik maupun rawat inap.Hanya sebagian kecil pasien memerlukan rawat inap yaitu bila pasien tidak dapat makan dan minum serta terjadi dehidrasi berat.Pada 85% kasus, perbaikan gejala klinis dan laboratoris tercapai dalam 3 bulan.
Menurut Aden (2010:2) pengetahuan adalah kemampuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh seseoranng melalui pengalaman, pemahaman teoritis atau praktis dari suatu subjek. Berdasarkan wawancara penulis terhadap beberapa mahasiswa dan mahasiswi Universitas Advent Indonesia (UNAI) pada akhir bulan September, didapati sembilan orang yang mengetahui tentang penyakit Hepatitis A dan ada tiga orang yang tidak mengetahui tentang penyakit Hepatitis A. Oleh sebab itu, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul
“PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWI TENTANG PENYAKIT HEPATITIS A SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN DI ASRAMA ESTHER HALL
UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA BANDUNG.”

METODE

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode preeksperimental. Nursalam (2008:85) mengatakan bahwa penelitian preeksperimental (one group pra-post test design) adalah suatu metode dengan mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat yang melibatkan satu kelompok subjek.Pada penelitian ini metode pre-eksperimental digunakan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mahasiswi asrama Esther Hall tentang penyakit Hepatitis A sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan di UNAI Bandung. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 45 mahasiswi asrama Esther Hall yang keseluruhan dijadikan sebagai Responden. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam memilih sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi asrama Esther Hall di UNAI Bandung,Responden berada ditempat pada saat data dikumpulkan,Responden bersedia untuk menjawab tes.
Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk tes tertulis pilihan berganda yang terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan,namun sebelumnya dilakukan content validity. Menurut Kountur (2007:164) Content Validity menyangkut tingkat kebenaran suatu instrumen mengukur isi dari area yang dimaksudkan untuk diukur.
Tahap kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam pengumpulan data adalah sebagai berikut:Pre-test (10 menit). Pada tanggal 31 Januari 2013 Peneliti membagikan soal ujian sebelum penyuluhan di asrama Esther Hall dan menjelaskan cara pengisian soal ujian,Penyuluhan (35 menit). Peneliti memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit Hepatitis A dengan metode ceramah dan memberikan waktu kepada responden untuk mengajukan pertanyaan,Post-test (10 menit). Setelah memberikan penyuluhan, peneliti membagikan soal ujian dan memberikan waktu kepada responden untuk mengisi soal ujian. Peneliti memberikan waktu kepada responden untuk mengajukan pertanyaan,Penutup (5 menit) Peneliti mengucapkan terima kasih kepada responden atas partisipasinya dan mengucapkan salam penutup.
Pengolahan data akan dilakukan setelah data terkumpul melalui tes pilihan berganda dan data diolah guna memberikan hasil penelitian.

PEMBAHASAN ANALISIS DAN INTERPRETASI

Untuk memperoleh hasil penelitian ini, maka data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pada sub bab ini yang dibahas adalah analisis dan interpretasi data dari jawaban kuesioner 45 orang responden. Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan untuk menjawab identifikasi masalah.Masalah Pertama: Pengetahuan Mahasiswi Tentang Hepatitis A Sebelum Penyuluhan. Dari data diatas dapat diketahui bahwa nilai persentase pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang Hepatitis A sebelum penyuluhan adalah 38.9%. Menurut Skala Persentase Pengetahuan nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Analisis data di atas menunjukkan bahwa sebelum penyuluhan pengetahuan mahasiswi tentang Hepatitis adalah rendah. Hal ini dimungkinkan oleh karena para responden belum maksimal mengetahui secara menyeluruh tentang Hepatitis A karena kurangnya informasi yang diperoleh baik dari buku, media massa maupun internet. Sunaryo (2004:13) mengatakan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan dapat d

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

THE SORORITY'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DISEASE HEPATITIS A BEFORE AND AFTER ILLUMINATION IN THE DORM ESTHER INDONESIAN ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY HALL, BANDUNG KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE HEPATITIS A BEFORE AND AFTER ILLUMINATION IN THE ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN ESTHER HALL DORMITORY. Febrina Jesicha Sinaga ABSTRACT Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a single-stranded RNA genome virus and linear with the size of 7.8 kilobytes. Viral Hepatitis A is a member of the family pikornaviradae 27-32 nanometer-sized with a rounded particle shape. HAV has a cubic symmetry, has no veil, and resistant to heat and acid conditions. The study was backed by the results of the interviews the author of 12 University Sorority Advent Indonesia (UNAI) at the end of September 2012. The purpose of this research is to gain an overview of knowledge about the disease Hepatitis A Sorority before and after illumination in the dorm Esther Hall University of Indonesia Bandung Adventist. The population of 45 people coed dorm Esther Hall 1st floor entirely as respondents. Research instrument consisting of a 20-questions are formulated based on the theory of Price and Wilson (2005), Sriwidodo (2008), Indrawati (2008), Yusrin (2008), Febrian (2009), Martin (2010), Kusnindar (2010). The results showed that knowledge about Hepatitis A Sorority before the extension include low. The Sorority's knowledge about Hepatitis A after the extension include high. There is a significant difference between Sorority knowledge about hepatitis A before and after illumination. The advice given to the Chief's daughter Boarder is expected to become the inputs and information materials in motivating students to learn more about Hepatitis A in order to prevent the disease Hepatitis a. expected research field For this study can be used as basic data to develop the following research as behavior eat carelessly with the occurrence of hepatitis a. ABSTRACT The background of this research interviews the author of 12 persons of Indonesian Adventist University student (UNAI) at the end of September 2012. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of student knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in dorm Esther Hall Bandung Adventist University of Indonesia. Boarding student population 45 Esther Hall 1st floor entirely u.s. respondents. Research instrument consisting of a 20 questions are formulated based on the theory of Price and Wilson (2005), Sriwidodo (2008), Indrawati (2008), Yusrin (2008), Febrian (2009), Martin (2010), Kusnindar (2010). The results showed that knowledge about Hepatitis A Sorority before the extension include low. The Sororitys knowledge about Hepatitis A after the extension include high there is a significant difference between a student's knowledge about hepatitis A before and after illumination.The advice given to the Chief's daughter Boarder is expected to become the inputs and information materials in motivating students to learn more about Hepatitis A in order to prevent the disease Hepatitis a. for areas of research are expected to these studies can be used as basic data to develop the following research as behavior eat carelessly with the occurrence of Hepatitis a. INTRODUCTION Hepatitis has become a global problem today. An estimated 80 percent of the population in the world has now been contracting the virus Hepatitis especially Hepatitis a. Hepatitis A is one of the diseases of inflammation in the liver that is light but contagious, often people with diseases Hepatitis A does not realize that he has been exposed to this disease because the symptoms sometimes don't look like other diseases.Waluyo (2011: 27) says that the disease is a type of Hepatitis A Hepatitis a is the most lightweight, yet highly infectious. Sunardi (2007: 22) States that according to the World Health Organization in 2007 of around one million people in the world annually once contracted Hepatitis a. disease With the highest prevalence in the developing world. The disease is rare in developed countries but is quite often found in developing countries like in Africa, India, Asia, and South America. Fita (2011) said that according to the health service in West Java province, Jabar set in 2011 is a remarkable incident (of the OUTBREAK) cases of Hepatitis a. disease spread at Depok on the Vocational secondary school of State II there were about 90 people There students including teachers who contracted Hepatitis A caused by food service cafeteria. On the campus of the University of Parahyangan, Bandung, at the beginning of October, there were 40 students a positive Hepatitis a. disease affected the students were exposed to Hepatitis A due to hawker food is less clean and condition of the body that are less good, in elementary school Cipatat, Bandung Teak 6 ELEMENTARY students stricken with Hepatitis A in which the source of the disease is derived from the hawker food in all schools there are. Netta (2009) says that the pathophysiology of Hepatitis A is a virus that attacks the liver causing inflammation and cell infiltrate in hepatocytes by mononukleus. Response to inflammation causing swelling in the liver drainage system is blocked, so the destruction occurs in the liver cells. Hernawati (2008: 11) suggested that the treatment of Hepatitis A can be done properly if the diagnosis is done right as well.To get the proper diagnosis of the need for appropriate support such examination; laboratory examination and ultrasonography. Indrawati (2008: 19) stated that the prevention of Hepatitis can be done properly if anyone know how to prevent the spread of the disease. Prevention of diseases Hepatitis A can be done in several ways, namely: Immunization immunization, Hygiene, sanitation, Temporary. Fiore (2008: 2) in most cases only the necessary supportive therapies to address symptoms and not required specific therapy or hospitalization.Only a small percentage of patients requiring hospitalization, i.e. when the patient cannot eat and drink as well as severe dehydration occurs.In 85% of cases, clinical symptoms and repair laboratoris achieved in 3 months. According to Aden (2010: 2) knowledge is the ability and skills obtained through experience, seseoranng the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. Based on interviews the author of some students and a student of the University of Indonesia (UNAI) Advent at the end of September, found nine people who know about the disease Hepatitis A and there are three people who did not know about the disease Hepatitis a. Hence, the author is interested in conducting research entitled "KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE HEPATITIS A SORORITY BEFORE AND AFTER ILLUMINATION IN THE DORM ESTHER HALL INDONESIAN ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY BANDUNG. " METHOD The methods used in this research is the preeksperimental method. Nursalam (2008: 85) says that preeksperimental research (one group pre-post test design) is a method to reveal the causal relationship that involves one group subject.On the research methods of pre-experimental use to know Esther Hall dormitory student knowledge about diseases Hepatitis A before and after illumination in UNAI, Bandung. The population used in this study were 45 coed dorm Esther Hall as part of the overall Respondents. The criteria used in selecting samples in this research are the respondents in this research is the coed dorm Esther Hall in Bandung, UNAI Respondents were available at the time the data was collected, the respondents are willing to answer test. The instruments used in the study of written multiple choice test-form which consists of 20 questions, however previously done a content validity. According to Kountur (2007: 164) Content Validity concerns the degree of truth of an instrument to measure the content of the area intended to be measured. The activities conducted in the collection of data is as follows: Pre-test (10 minutes). On January 31, 2013 Researchers sharing exam questions before the extension in the dorm Esther Hall and describes how charging exam questions, Extension (35 minutes). Researchers give lectures about the disease Hepatitis A with method of lecture and give time to the respondents to ask questions, Post-test (10 minutes). After providing counseling, researchers share exam questions and give time to the respondents to fill out the exam questions. Researcher respondents to give time to ask questions, cover (5 minutes) Researchers thank the respondent for her participation and say the closing greetings. The data processing will be performed after data collected through multiple choice tests and the data being processed in order to provide research results. DISCUSSION ON ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION To obtain the results of this research, the data were analyzed by descriptive. In this chapter discussed the sub is the analysis and interpretation of data from answers to questionnaire respondents 45 people. Analysis and interpretation of the data was conducted to answer the problem identification.The First Problem: The Sorority's Knowledge About Hepatitis A Before The Extension. From the data above, it can be noted that the value of the percentage of the Sorority's knowledge about Hepatitis A before the extension was 38.9%. According to the scale of the percentage of the value of Knowledge is included in the low category. Data analysis shows that before the extension of knowledge about Hepatitis Sorority is low. This is possible because the respondent has not been fullest thoroughly knowing about Hepatitis A due to lack of information obtained either from the book, the mass media and the internet. SUNARYO (2004: 13) said that the increase in knowledge can d