AcknowledgementsThe research for th

Acknowledgements
The research for this project was made possible by generous financial support
from the Fulbright IIE, the Social Science Research Council’s International
Dissertation Research Fellowship program, and a pre-dissertation fellowship
from the National Science Foundation. Portions of this article were presented
at the second ‘Putting Pierre Bourdieu to Work’ working conference held at UC
___________

Berkeley in May 2005. This article has been shaped by the ideas and input of
many people, but special thanks go to Teresa Sharpe, Chris Niedt, Tom Gold,
Michael Burawoy, and Kevin O’Brien.
Notes
1 Borrowing Ching Kwan Lee’s (2002) formulation, I understand contem-
porary China to be ‘postsocialist’ largely in that the planned economy no
longer plays a central role in production or consumption. China is also
postsocialist in the sense that the present is understood in relation to, and
generally as a rejection of, the socialist past (Rofel, 1999; Zhang, 2000).
2 For one report on
Meihua K
, see for example, ‘How did the fake medicine
“Meihua K” enter the marketplace?’ (
Jiayao ‘meihua K’ shi ruhe liuru
shichang de
?),
Xinhua Net
, Changsha, 2 April 2002 [http://202.84.17.73.
7777], accessed 13 May 2003; on the Nanjing mooncakes, ‘Nanjing
Guanshengyuan will be broken up: “Old filling mooncakes” incident
threatens company leadership’ (
Nanjing Guanshengyuan yao bei jisan: jiu
xian yuebing shijian weixie gongsi lingdao anquan
),
Harbin Life Daily
(
Shenghuo Bao
), 20 October 2001, p. 11.
3 My answer to the customer’s query was borrowed from my co-workers,
who used this appellation – ‘factory-direct sales’ – as a way to allay
customer concerns about merchandise quality. But the term was also tech-
nically correct, since the manufacturer supplied merchandise directly to the
sales area. Pricing and discounting, however, remained under store control.
4 The ISO, or International Organization for Standardization, issues
standards – usually technical or technological – to ensure compatibility and
quality levels for technology, products, and services across countries. China
is a member nation of the ISO, and Chinese companies with products or
services meeting ISO standards like to advertise this fact, especially given
widespread quality problems. There were even department stores in Harbin
that had received an ISO 9000, a standard for quality business management,
especially with regards to customer satisfaction. The application of ISO
standards to Chinese managerial and service performance seems to support
Ann Anagnost’s (1997: 77) claim that ‘the speculative gaze of foreign
capital’ gets translated into modern notions of ‘civility’ and culture in China.
5 Ellen Hertz (2001: 279) gives a contrasting example of a man who claimed
he never paid ‘market price’ for anything, instead relying upon personal
connections to secure discounts and lower prices. Hertz argues that this
represents the assertion of face – of individual identity – in a seemingly
anonymous market context. It could be argued, then, that sales clerks at
Harbin No. X were indeed asserting a kind of equality of ‘the masses’ that
was an ideal, if often unrealized, of China’s socialist economy.
Hanser
■
Sales floor trajectories
485
461-492 073147 Hanser (D) 7/11/06 08:52 Page 485
© 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
by HARWAN ANDI KUNNA on November 3, 2007
http://eth.sagepub.com
Downloaded from
6 I do not want to oversimplify: at times, coping with customer distrust
involved trying to conceal Harbin No. X’s differences from other retailers.
This was often the case with customer expectations for discounts. Here,
sales clerks would usually try to face down customer demands by insisting
that the merchandise was ‘already discounted’. For example, when a girl
asked Big Sister Zhao if there was a discount on a coat she had selected,
Zhao launched into a detailed explanation about how Ice Day was ‘a new
brand this year’ (
jinnian chuang pai
) and so the price was already set at 15
percent off. In a typical solidarity move, Zhao added that if she lowered
the price, ‘Auntie will have to take 10 yuan out of my own pocket, and I
only earn 400 yuan a month!’
7‘
Zhiqing
’, or ‘educated youths’, are also known as the ‘Cultural Revolution
generation’ and were the cohort who came of age during the Cultural
Revolution (1966–76). This group was sent as youths to the countryside
for re-education during the latter years of the Cultural Revolution. I should
note that the
zhiqing
nostalgia Yang describes locates positive themes such
as human connection in rural, not urban, life.
8 Rofel (1999) argues that the construction of modernity in China is in part
dependent upon the construction of the country’s Cultural Revolution
generation as ‘abjected figures’: ‘One proves oneself a modern subject in
the post-Mao era by expunging what the Cultural Revolution generation
has come to represent’ (p. 190). On other examples of nostalgia as a kind
of resistance or expression of unease in contemporary China, see Barmé
(1999); Dai (1997) and O’Brien and Li (1999); on Shanghai nostalgia in
support of reforms, see Lu (2002).
References
Anagost, Ann (1997)
National Past-times: Narrative, Representation, and
Power in Modern China
. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Barmé, Geremie (1999)
In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture
. New
York: Columbia University Press.
Berdahl, Daphne (1997)
Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity
in the German Borderland
. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Blecher, Marc J. (2002) ‘Hegemony and Workers’ Politics in China’,
The China
Quarterly
170: 283–303.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1984)
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1990) ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’, in
In Other Words:
Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology
, pp. 123–49. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press.
_____________________
Bourdieu, Pierre (1998)
Practical Reason
. Stanford, CA: Stanford University
Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre and Luc Boltanski (1981) ‘The Educational System and the
Economy: Titles and Jobs’, in Charles Lemert (ed.)
French Sociology:
Rupture and Renewal Since 1968
, pp. 141–51. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre and Löic J.D. Wacquant (1992)
An Invitation to Reflexive
Sociology
. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Bruun, Ole (1993)
Business and Bureaucracy in a Chinese City: An Ethnogra-
phy of Private Business Households in Contemporary China
. Berkeley, CA:
Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
Burawoy, Michael and János Lukács (1992)
The Radiant Past: Ideology and
Reality in Hungary’s Road to Capitalism
. Chicago, IL: The University of
Chicago Press.
Burawoy, Micheal and Katherine Verdery (1999)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnog-
raphies of Change in the Postsocialist World
. Boulder, CO: Rowman &
Littlefield.
Dai, Jinhua (1997) ‘Imagined Nostalgia’,
boundary 2
24(3): 143–61.
Dunn, Elizabeth (1999) ‘Slick Salesmen and Simple People: Negotiated Capi-
talism in a Privatized Polish Firm’, in Michael Burawoy and Katherine
Verdery (eds)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the Post-
socialist World
, pp. 125–50. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Dunn, Elizabeth (2004)
Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the
Remaking of Labor
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Gold, Thomas B. (1989) ‘Guerrilla Interviewing Among the
Getihu
’, in Perry
Link, Richard P. Madsen and Paul G. Pickowicz (eds)
Unofficial China:
Popular Culture and Thought in the People’s Republic
, pp. 175–92. Boulder,
CO: Westview Press.
Gu, Chaolin, Xiuhong Hu, Haiyong Liu and Guochen Song (2004) ‘Situation
of the Urban Rich (
Chengshi fuyu jiceng zhuangkuang
)’, in Peilin Li, Qiang
Li and Liping Sun (eds)
Social Stratification in China Today (Zhongguo
shehui fenceng)
, pp. 264–82. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China)
(
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
).
Haney, Lynne (1999) ‘“But We Are Still Mothers”: Gender, the State, and the
Construction of Need in Postsocialist Hungary’, in Michael Burawoy and
Katherine Verdery (eds)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in
the Postsocialist World
, pp. 151–87. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hanser, Amy (2005) ‘The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service
Work in Urban China’,
Gender & Society
19(5): 581–600.
Hanser, Amy (2006) ‘A Tale of Two Sales Floors: Changing Service Work
Regimes in China’, in Ching Kwan Lee (ed.)
Working in China: Ethnog-
raphies of Labor and Workplace Transformation.
London: Routledge.
Hanser
■
Sales floor trajectories
487
461-492 073147 Hanser (D) 7/11/06 08:52 Page 487
© 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
by HARWAN ANDI KUNNA on November 3, 2007
http://eth.sagepub.com
Downloaded from
Harbin City Almanac
(
Ha’erbin shi zhu
) (1996) Vol. 15. Harbin: Heilongjiang
People’s Press (Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe).
Hershkovitz, Linda (1985) ‘The Fruits of Ambivalence: China’s Urban Individ-
ual Economy’,
Pacific Affairs
58(3): 427–50.
Hertz, Ellen (2001) ‘Faces in the Crowd: The Cultural Construction of
Anonymity in Urban China’, in Nancy N. Chen, Constance D. Clark,
Suzanne Z. Gottschang and Lyn Jeffery (eds)
China Urban: Ethnographies
of Contemporary Culture
, pp. 274–93. Durham, NC: Duke University
Press.
Hooper, Beverly (2000) ‘Consumer Voices: Asserting Rights in Post-Mao
China’,
China Information
16(2): 92–128.
Humphrey, Caroline (2002)
The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies
After Socialism
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hung, Eva P.W. and Stephen W.K. Chiu (2003) ‘The Lost Generation: Life
Course Dynamics and
Xiagang
in China’,
Modern China
29(2): 204–36.
Hurst, Wi

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

AcknowledgementsThe research for this project was made possible by generous financial supportfrom the IIE Fulbright, the Social Science Research Council's InternationalDissertation Research Fellowship program, and a pre-dissertation fellowshipfrom the National Science Foundation. Portions of this article were presentedat the second Putting Pierre Bourdieu to Work ' working conference held at UC ___________Berkeley in May 2005. This article has been shaped by the ideas and input ofmany people, but special thanks go to Teresa Sharpe, Chris Niedt, Tom Gold,Michael Burawoy, and Kevin O'Brien.Notes1 Borrowing Ching Kwan Lee's (2002) formulation, I understand contem-porary postsocialist China to be ' largely ' in that the planned economy no.longer plays a central role in production or consumption. China is alsopostsocialist in the sense that the present is understood in relation to, andgenerally as a rejection of the socialist past (Rofel, 1999; Zhang, 2000).2 For one report on Meihua K, see for example, ' How did the fake medicine"Meihua K" enter the marketplace? ' (Jiayao meihua ' K ' shi liuru ruheshichang de?), Xinhua NetChangsha, April 2, 2002 [http://202.84.17.73.7777], accessed 13 May 2003; on the Nanjing mooncakes, Nanjing 'Guanshengyuan will be broken up: "Old filling of mooncakes" incidentthreatens company leadership ' (Nanjing Guanshengyuan yao bei jisan: jiuXian gongsi lingdao weixie shijian yuebing anquan), Harbin Life Daily(Shenghuo Bao), 20 October 2001, p. 11.3 My answer to the customer’s query was borrowed from my co-workers,who used this appellation – ‘factory-direct sales’ – as a way to allaycustomer concerns about merchandise quality. But the term was also tech-nically correct, since the manufacturer supplied merchandise directly to thesales area. Pricing and discounting, however, remained under store control.4 The ISO, or International Organization for Standardization, issuesstandards – usually technical or technological – to ensure compatibility andquality levels for technology, products, and services across countries. Chinais a member nation of the ISO, and Chinese companies with products orservices meeting ISO standards like to advertise this fact, especially givenwidespread quality problems. There were even department stores in Harbinthat had received an ISO 9000, a standard for quality business management,especially with regards to customer satisfaction. The application of ISOstandards to Chinese managerial and service performance seems to supportAnn Anagnost’s (1997: 77) claim that ‘the speculative gaze of foreigncapital’ gets translated into modern notions of ‘civility’ and culture in China.5 Ellen Hertz (2001: 279) gives a contrasting example of a man who claimedhe never paid ‘market price’ for anything, instead relying upon personalconnections to secure discounts and lower prices. Hertz argues that thisrepresents the assertion of face – of individual identity – in a seemingly
anonymous market context. It could be argued, then, that sales clerks at
Harbin No. X were indeed asserting a kind of equality of ‘the masses’ that
was an ideal, if often unrealized, of China’s socialist economy.
Hanser
■
Sales floor trajectories
485
461-492 073147 Hanser (D) 7/11/06 08:52 Page 485
© 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
by HARWAN ANDI KUNNA on November 3, 2007
http://eth.sagepub.com
Downloaded from
6 I do not want to oversimplify: at times, coping with customer distrust
involved trying to conceal Harbin No. X’s differences from other retailers.
This was often the case with customer expectations for discounts. Here,
sales clerks would usually try to face down customer demands by insisting
that the merchandise was ‘already discounted’. For example, when a girl
asked Big Sister Zhao if there was a discount on a coat she had selected,
Zhao launched into a detailed explanation about how Ice Day was ‘a new
brand this year’ (
jinnian chuang pai
) and so the price was already set at 15
percent off. In a typical solidarity move, Zhao added that if she lowered
the price, ‘Auntie will have to take 10 yuan out of my own pocket, and I
only earn 400 yuan a month!’
7‘
Zhiqing
’, or ‘educated youths’, are also known as the ‘Cultural Revolution
generation’ and were the cohort who came of age during the Cultural
Revolution (1966–76). This group was sent as youths to the countryside
for re-education during the latter years of the Cultural Revolution. I should
note that the
zhiqing
nostalgia Yang describes locates positive themes such
as human connection in rural, not urban, life.
8 Rofel (1999) argues that the construction of modernity in China is in part
dependent upon the construction of the country’s Cultural Revolution
generation as ‘abjected figures’: ‘One proves oneself a modern subject in
the post-Mao era by expunging what the Cultural Revolution generation
has come to represent’ (p. 190). On other examples of nostalgia as a kind
of resistance or expression of unease in contemporary China, see Barmé
(1999); Dai (1997) and O’Brien and Li (1999); on Shanghai nostalgia in
support of reforms, see Lu (2002).
References
Anagost, Ann (1997)
National Past-times: Narrative, Representation, and
Power in Modern China
. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Barmé, Geremie (1999)
In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture
. New
York: Columbia University Press.
Berdahl, Daphne (1997)
Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity
in the German Borderland
. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Blecher, Marc J. (2002) ‘Hegemony and Workers’ Politics in China’,
The China
Quarterly
170: 283–303.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1984)
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1990) ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’, in
In Other Words:
Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology
, pp. 123–49. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press.
_____________________
Bourdieu, Pierre (1998)
Practical Reason
. Stanford, CA: Stanford University
Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre and Luc Boltanski (1981) ‘The Educational System and the
Economy: Titles and Jobs’, in Charles Lemert (ed.)
French Sociology:
Rupture and Renewal Since 1968
, pp. 141–51. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre and Löic J.D. Wacquant (1992)
An Invitation to Reflexive
Sociology
. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Bruun, Ole (1993)
Business and Bureaucracy in a Chinese City: An Ethnogra-
phy of Private Business Households in Contemporary China
. Berkeley, CA:
Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
Burawoy, Michael and János Lukács (1992)
The Radiant Past: Ideology and
Reality in Hungary’s Road to Capitalism
. Chicago, IL: The University of
Chicago Press.
Burawoy, Micheal and Katherine Verdery (1999)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnog-
raphies of Change in the Postsocialist World
. Boulder, CO: Rowman &
Littlefield.
Dai, Jinhua (1997) ‘Imagined Nostalgia’,
boundary 2
24(3): 143–61.
Dunn, Elizabeth (1999) ‘Slick Salesmen and Simple People: Negotiated Capi-
talism in a Privatized Polish Firm’, in Michael Burawoy and Katherine
Verdery (eds)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the Post-
socialist World
, pp. 125–50. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Dunn, Elizabeth (2004)
Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the
Remaking of Labor
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Gold, Thomas B. (1989) ‘Guerrilla Interviewing Among the
Getihu
’, in Perry
Link, Richard P. Madsen and Paul G. Pickowicz (eds)
Unofficial China:
Popular Culture and Thought in the People’s Republic
, pp. 175–92. Boulder,
CO: Westview Press.
Gu, Chaolin, Xiuhong Hu, Haiyong Liu and Guochen Song (2004) ‘Situation
of the Urban Rich (
Chengshi fuyu jiceng zhuangkuang
)’, in Peilin Li, Qiang
Li and Liping Sun (eds)
Social Stratification in China Today (Zhongguo
shehui fenceng)
, pp. 264–82. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China)
(
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
).
Haney, Lynne (1999) ‘“But We Are Still Mothers”: Gender, the State, and the
Construction of Need in Postsocialist Hungary’, in Michael Burawoy and
Katherine Verdery (eds)
Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in
the Postsocialist World
, pp. 151–87. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hanser, Amy (2005) ‘The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service
Work in Urban China’,
Gender & Society
19(5): 581–600.
Hanser, Amy (2006) ‘A Tale of Two Sales Floors: Changing Service Work
Regimes in China’, in Ching Kwan Lee (ed.)
Working in China: Ethnog-
raphies of Labor and Workplace Transformation.
London: Routledge.
Hanser
■
Sales floor trajectories
487
461-492 073147 Hanser (D) 7/11/06 08:52 Page 487
© 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
by HARWAN ANDI KUNNA on November 3, 2007
http://eth.sagepub.com
Downloaded from
Harbin City Almanac
(
Ha’erbin shi zhu
) (1996) Vol. 15. Harbin: Heilongjiang
People’s Press (Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe).
Hershkovitz, Linda (1985) ‘The Fruits of Ambivalence: China’s Urban Individ-
ual Economy’,
Pacific Affairs
58(3): 427–50.
Hertz, Ellen (2001) ‘Faces in the Crowd: The Cultural Construction of
Anonymity in Urban China’, in Nancy N. Chen, Constance D. Clark,
Suzanne Z. Gottschang and Lyn Jeffery (eds)
China Urban: Ethnographies
of Contemporary Culture
, pp. 274–93. Durham, NC: Duke University
Press.
Hooper, Beverly (2000) ‘Consumer Voices: Asserting Rights in Post-Mao
China’,
China Information
16(2): 92–128.
Humphrey, Caroline (2002)
The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies
After Socialism
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hung, Eva P.W. and Stephen W.K. Chiu (2003) ‘The Lost Generation: Life
Course Dynamics and
Xiagang
in China’,
Modern China
29(2): 204–36.
Hurst, Wi

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Acknowledgements
The research for this project was made ​​possible by generous financial support
from the Fulbright IIE, the Social Science Research Council's International
Dissertation Research Fellowship program, and a pre-dissertation fellowship
from the National Science Foundation. Portions of this article were presented
at the second 'Putting Pierre Bourdieu to Work' working conference held at UC
___________ Berkeley in May 2005. This article has been shaped by the ideas and input of many people, but special thanks go to Teresa Sharpe, Chris Niedt, Tom Gold, Michael Burawoy, and Kevin O'Brien. Notes 1 Borrowing Ching Kwan Lee's (2002) formulation, I understand contem- porary China to be 'postsocialist' largely in the planned economy that no longer plays a central role in production or consumption. China IS ALSO postsocialist in the sense that the present is understood in relation to, and Generally as a rejection of, the socialist past (Rofel, 1999; Zhang, 2000). 2 For one report on Meihua K , see for example, 'How did the fake medicine "Meihua K" enter the marketplace? ' ( Jiayao 'Meihua K' shi ruhe Liuru Shichang de ?), Xinhua Net , Changsha, April 2, 2002. [http://202.84.17.73. 7777], accessed 13 May 2003; on the Nanjing mooncakes, 'Nanjing Guanshengyuan will be broken up: "Old filling mooncakes" incident Threatens company leadership '( Nanjing Guanshengyuan yao bei jisan: jiu xian yuebing Shijian weixie gongsi lingdao Anquan ), Harbin Daily Life ( Shenghuo Bao ), 20 October 2001, p. 11. 3 My answer to the customer's query was borrowed from my co-workers, who used this appellation - 'factory-direct sales' - as a way to allay customer concerns about quality merchandise. But the term was Also tech- nically correct, since the manufacturer supplied merchandise directly to the sales area. Pricing and discounting, however, store Remained under control. 4 The ISO, or International Organization for Standardization, issues standards - usually technical or technological - to Ensure compatibility and quality levels for technology, products, and services across countries. China is a member nation of the ISO, and Chinese companies with products or services meeting ISO standards like to advertise this fact, especially given the widespread quality problems. There were even department stores in Harbin that had received an ISO 9000, a standard for quality of business management, especially with regards to customer satisfaction. The application of ISO standards to Chinese managerial and service performance seems to support Ann Anagnost's (1997: 77) claim that 'the speculative gaze of foreign capital 'gets translated into modern Notions of' civility 'and culture in China. 5 Ellen Hertz (2001 : 279) Gives a contrasting example of a man who claimed he never paid 'market price' for anything, instead relying upon personal connections to secure discounts and lower prices. Hertz argues that this represents the assertion of face - of individual identity - in a seemingly anonymous market context. It could be argued, then, that sales clerks at Harbin No. X were indeed asserting a kind of equality of 'the masses' that was an ideal, if Often unrealized, of China's socialist economy. Hanser ■ Sales floor trajectories 485 073 147 461-492 Hanser (D) 07/11/06 8:52 Page 485 © 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. by Harwan ANDI KUNNA on November 3, 2007 http://eth.sagepub.com Downloaded from 6 I do not want to oversimplify: at times, coping with customer distrust Involved trying to conceal Harbin No. X's differences from other retailers. This was Often the case with customer expectations for discounts. Here, sales clerks would usually try to face down customer demands by insisting that the merchandise was 'already discounted'. For example, when a girl Big Sister Zhao asked if there was a discount on a coat she had selected, Zhao Launched into a detailed explanation about how the Ice Day was' a new brand this year '( Jinnian chuang pies ) and so the price was already set at 15 percent off. In a typical solidarity move, Zhao added that if she lowered the price, 'Auntie will have to take 10 yuan out of my own pocket, and I only earn 400 yuan a month! ' 7 ' Zhiqing ', or' educated Youths', Also are known as the 'Cultural Revolution generation 'and were the cohort who Came of age during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76). This group was sent as Youths to the countryside for re-education during the latter years of the Cultural Revolution. I should note that the Zhiqing nostalgia Yang describes locates positive themes such as human connection in rural, not urban, life. 8 Rofel (1999) argues that the construction of modernity in China is in part dependent upon the construction of the country's Cultural Revolution generation as' abjected figures': 'One Proves oneself a modern subject in the post-Mao era by expunging what the Cultural Revolution generation has come to represent '(p. 190). On other examples of nostalgia as a kind of resistance or expression of unease in contemporary China, see Barme (1999); Dai (1997) and O'Brien and Li (1999); Shanghai on nostalgia in support of reforms, see Lu (2002). References Anagost, Ann (1997) National Past-Times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China . Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Barme, Geremie (1999) In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture . New York: Columbia University Press. Berdahl, Daphne (1997) Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity in the German Borderland . Berkeley: University of California Press. Blecher, Marc J. (2002) 'Hegemony and Workers' Politics in China', The China Quarterly 170: 283-303. Bourdieu, Pierre (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre (1990) 'Social Space and Symbolic Power', in In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology , pp. 123-49. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. _____________________ Bourdieu, Pierre (1998) Practical Reason . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre and Luc Boltanski (1981) 'The Educational System and the Economy: Titles and Jobs', in Charles Lemert (ed.) French Sociology: Rupture and Renewal Since 1968 , pp. 141-51. New York: Columbia University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre and Loic JD Wacquant (1992) An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology . Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Bruun, Ole (1993) Business and bureaucracy in a Chinese City: An Ethnogra- phy of Private Business Households in Contemporary China . Berkeley, CA: Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Burawoy, Michael and János Lukács (1992) The Radiant Past: Ideology and Reality in Hungary's Road to Capitalism . Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Burawoy, Michael and Katherine Verdery (1999) Uncertain Transition: Ethnog- raphies of Change in the Postsocialist World . Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield. Dai, Jinhua (1997) 'Imagined Nostalgia', boundary 2 24 (3): 143-61. Dunn, Elizabeth (1999) 'Slick salesmen and Simple People: Negotiated Capitalism talism in a privatized Polish Firm ', in Michael Burawoy and Katherine Verdery (eds) Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the Post- socialist World , pp. 125-50. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Dunn, Elizabeth (2004) Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the remaking of Labor . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Gold, Thomas B. (1989) 'Guerrilla Interviewing Among the Getihu ', in Perry Link, Richard P. Madsen and Paul G. Pickowicz (eds) Unofficial China: Popular Culture and Thought in the People's Republic , pp. 175-92. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Gu, Chaolin, Xiuhong Hu, Liu and Guochen Haiyong Song (2004) 'Situation of the Urban Rich ( Chengshi Fuyu jiceng zhuangkuang ) ', in Peilin Li, Qiang Li and Liping Sun (eds) Social Stratification Today in China (Zhongguo shehui fenceng) , pp. 264-82. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China) ( Shehui Kexue wenxian chubanshe ). Haney, Lynne (1999) '' But We Are Still Mothers ": Gender, the State, and the Construction of Need in Postsocialist Hungary ', in Michael Burawoy and Katherine Verdery (eds) Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the Postsocialist World , pp. 151-87. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield. 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