Pengertian Komunikasi, Arti Penting

Pengertian Komunikasi, Arti Penting Komunikasi, Jenis dan Proses Komunikasi, Komunikasi yang Efektif

PENGERTIAN KOMUNIKASI
Kata atau istilah komunikasi (dari bahasa Inggris “communication”),secara etimologis atau menurut asal katanya adalah dari bahasa Latin communicatus, dan perkataan ini bersumber pada kata communis Dalam kata communis ini memiliki makna ‘berbagi’ atau ‘menjadi milik bersama’ yaitu suatu usaha yang memiliki tujuan untuk kebersamaan atau kesamaan makna. Jadi, Komunikasi adalah suatu proses penyampaian informasi (pesan, ide, gagasan) dari satu pihak kepada pihak lain. Pada umumnya, komunikasi dilakukan secara lisan atau verbal yang dapat dimengerti oleh kedua belah pihak. Apabila tidak ada bahasa verbal yang dapat dimengerti oleh keduanya, komunikasi masih dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan gerak-gerik badan, menunjukkan sikap tertentu, misalnya tersenyum, menggelengkan kepala, mengangkat bahu. Cara seperti ini disebut komunikasi nonverbal.

ARTI PENTING KOMUNIKASI
Komunikasi itu penting, semua orang tahu, karena ini merupakan basic instinct dari setiap makhluk hidup. Setiap makhluk punya cara komunikasi masing-masing, setiap manusia pun tak lepas dari cara dia melakukan komunikasi. Kita tak bisa membeda-bedakan bahasa, suku, adat, kebiasaan, tradisi maupun agama karena pada dasarnya berkomunikasi, menyampaikan pesan itu asal dilakukan dengan baik dan benar, serta dalam keadaan saling terbuka, fikiran jernih tanpa sentimen dan perasaan negatif, pasti maksud yang ingin disampaikan dapat diterima.

JENIS DAN PROSES KOMUNIKASI
Contoh model komunikasi yang sederhana digambarkan dibawah ini :

Pengirim—>Berita—>Penerima

Jika salah satu elemen komunikasi tidak ada maka komunikasi tidak akan berjalan. Ada komponen-komponen dalam komunikasi antara lain :
Pengirim(Sender=Sumber) adalah seseorang yang mempunyai kebutuhan atau informasi serta mempunyai kepentinga mengkomunikasikan kepada orang lain.
Pengkodean (Encoding) adalah pengirim mengkodean informasi yang akan disampaikan ke dalam symbol atau isyarat.
Pesan (Massage), pesan dapat dalam segala bentuk biasanya dapat dirasakan atau dimengerti satu atau lebih dari indra penerima.
Saluran (Chanel) adalah cara mentrasmisikan pesan, misal kertas untuk surat, udara untuk kata-kata yang diucapkan.
Penerima (Recaiver) adalah orang yang menafsirkan pesan penerima, jika pesan tidak disampaikan kepada penerima maka komunikasi tidak akan terjadi.
Penafsiran kode (Decoding) adalah proses dimana penerima menafsirkan pesan dan menterjemahkan menjadi informasi yang berarti baginya. Jika semakin tepat penafsiran penerima terhadap pesan yang dimaksudkan oleh penerima, Maka semakin efektif komunikasi yang terjadi.
Umpan balik (Feedback) adalah pembalikan dari proses komunikasi dimana reaksi kominikasi pengirim dinyatakan.
Didalam organisasi sangat membutuhkan komunikasi. Adapun jenis- jenis komunikasi dalam organisasai antara lain :
a. Komunikasi formal vs informal
Komunikasi formal adalah komunikasi yang mengikuti rantai komando yang dicapai oleh hirarki wewenang. Komunikasi informal adalah komunikasi yang terjadi diluar dan tidak tergantung pada herarki wewenang. Komunikasi informal ini timbul karena adanya berbagai maksud, yaitu
- Pemuasan kebutuhan manusiawi,
- Perlawanan terhadap pengaruh yang monoton dan membosankan,
- Keinginan untuk mempengaruhi perilaku orang lain,
- Sumber informasi hubungan pekerjaan.
Jenis lain dari komunikasi informasi adalah adalah dasas-desusyang secara resmi tidak setuju. Desas-desus ini juga mempunyai peranan fungsional sebagai alat komunikasi tambahan bagi organisasi.
b. Komunikasi ke bawah vs komunikasi ke atas vs komunikasi lateral
Komunikasi kebawah mengalir dari peringkat atas ke bawah dalam herarki. Komunikasi ke atas adalah berita yang mengalir darin peringkat bawah ke atas atas suatu organisasi. Komunikasi lateral adalah sejajar antara mereka yang berada tingkat satu wewenang.
c. Komunikasi satu arah dan dua arah
Komunikasi satu arah, pengirim berita berkomunikasi tanpa meminta umpan balik, sedangkan komunikasi dua arah adalah penerima dapat dan memberi umpan balik.
Bagaimanapun juga keefektifan komunikasi organisasi dipengaruhi beberapa factor diantaranya :
1. Saluran komunikasi formal
2. Sruktur wewenang
Dalam organisasi dimana perbedaan stasus dan kekuasaan akan mempengaruhi isi komunikasi.
1. Spesialis jabatan
Anggota organisasi yang sama akan menggunakan istilah-istilah, tujuan, tugas, waktu, dan gaya yang sama dalam berkomonikasi.
1. Pemilikan informasi
Berarti individu memunyai informasi dan pengetahuan yang khas mengenai tugasnya.
Dari pengamatan yang ada, bentuk-bentuk jaringan komunikasi dikelompokan ke dalam beberapa bentuk diantaranya bentuk lingkaran, diagonal, lateral, rantai, huruf Y, dan bintang.

KOMUNIKASI YANG EFEKTIF
Komunikasi efektif yaitu komunikasi yang mampu menghasilkan perubahan sikap (attitude change) pada orang lain yang bisa terlihat dalam proses komunikasi.

Tujuan dari Komunikasi Efektif sebenarnya adalah memberi kan kemudahan dalam memahami pesan yang disampaikan antara pemberi informasi dan penerima informasi sehingga bahasa yang digunakan oleh pemberi informsi lebih jelas dan lengkap, serta dapat dimengerti dan dipahami dengan baik oleh penerima informasi, atau komunikan. tujuan lain dari Komunikasi Efektif adalah agar pengiriman informasi dan umpan balik atau feed back dapat seinbang sehingga tidak terjadi monoton. Selain itu komunikasi efektif dapat melatih penggunaan bahasa nonverbal secara baik.
Menurut Mc. Crosky Larson dan Knapp mengatakan bahwa komunikasi yang efektif dapat dicapai dengan mengusahakan ketepatan (accuracy) yang paling tinggi derajatnya antara komunikator dan komunikan dalam setiap komunikasi. Komunikasi yang lebih efektif terjadi apabila komunikator dan komunikan terdapat persamaan dalam pengertian, sikap dan bahasa. Komunikasi dapat dikatakan efektif apa bila komunikasi yang dilakukan dimana :
1. Pesan dapat diterima dan dimengerti serta dipahami sebagaimana yang dimaksud oleh pengirimnya.
2. Pesan yang disampaikan oleh pengirim dapat disetujui oleh penerima dan ditindaklanjuti dengan perbuatan yang diminati oleh pengirim.
3. Tidak ada hambatan yang berarti untuk melakukan apa yang seharusnya dilakukan untuk menindaklanjuti pesan yang dikirim.

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

Understanding the importance of communication, communication, Communication Process, and types of effective communicationUNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION The word or the term communication (from the United Kingdom a "communication"), etymologically or according to the origin is from the Latin communicatus, and the word on the word communis in the words it has the meaning of ' communis sharing ' or ' belong together ' is a business that has a purpose to togetherness or similarity of meaning. So, communication is a process of delivery information (messages, ideas, idea) from one party to the other party. In General, communication is done verbally or verbal which can be understood by both sides. If there is no verbal language that can be understood by both, communication can still be done using body gestures, indicating certain attitudes, such as smiling, shook his head, shrugged. This way is called a nonverbal communication.THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNICATION Communication is important, everybody knows, because it's a basic instinct of every living creature. Every being has a way of communication, every human being is not separated from the way she communicated. We cannot discriminate languages, tribes, customs, habits, traditions or religion because it was essentially communicate, convey the message that the origin of the well done and right, as well as in a State of mutual open, clear mind without negative feelings and sentiments, must mean that want delivered acceptable.THE TYPE AND THE COMMUNICATION PROCESSAn example of a simple communication model is described below: Sender — Receiver > News > —If one of the elements of communication does not exist then the communication will not run. There are components in communication include:The sender (Sender = sources) is someone who has the need or information and have the kepentinga to communicate to others.Encoding (Encoding) is the sender of the mengkodean information to be delivered into a symbol or gesture.Message (Massage), messages can be in any form can usually be perceived or understood in one or more of the senses.Channels (Chanel) is how mentrasmisikan messages, e.g. paper for letters, air to words that are spoken.Receiver (Recaiver) is a person who interprets the message recipients, if the message is not delivered to the recipient then communication will not occur.The interpretation of the code (Decoding) is the process by which the receiver interprets the message and translates into a meaningful information for him. If the more precise interpretation of the recipient with a message that was intended by the recipient, the more effective the communication happens.Feedback (Feedback) is a reversal of the process of communication where the sender of the kominikasi reaction is revealed.In desperate need of organization communication. As for the types of communication in organisasai include:a. formal vs. informal CommunicationFormal communication is communication that follow the chain of command which is achieved by a hierarchy of authority. Informal communication is communication that occur outside and does not depend on the herarki authority. This informal communication arising from the existence of various intents, i.e.-Gratification of needs human,-Resistance to the influence of a monotonous and boring,-The desire to influence the behavior of others,-Relationship information source job.Other types of communication of information is the dasas-desusyang officially did not agree. This rumor also has a functional role as an additional means of communication for the organization.b. Communication vs. communication down to the top of the lateral communication vsCommunication flows down from the top ranked down in the herarki. Communication upward is the news flowing darin ranked bottom to the top of an organization. Lateral communication is the parallel between those level one authority.c. Communication one way and two wayOne-way communication, the sender of the news communicated without asking for feedback, while two-way communication is receiver can and give feedback.However, the effectiveness of communication organizations influenced some of the factors include:1. formal communication channels2. Sruktur authorityIn organizations where the difference stasus and power will affect the content of the communication.1. Specialist positionMembers of the same organization will use the terms, purpose, tasks, time, and the same style in berkomonikasi.1. Ownership informationMeans individuals have characteristic information and knowledge about its work.From observation, communications network forms are grouped into several forms of which form circles, diagonal, lateral, chain, the letter Y, and stars.EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Communication effective communication that is capable of producing a change in attitude (attitude change) on other people who could be seen in the communication process.The goal of effective communication is actually giving kan ease in understanding the messages that are delivered between the giver and the recipient of the information the information so that the language used by the giver informsi more clear and complete, and can be understood and well understood by the recipient information, or komunikan. Another goal of effective communication is to make the shipping information and feedback or feed back can be seinbang so that it doesn't happen the monotony. In addition to that effective communication can train the use of nonverbal language well.According to Mc. Crosky Larson and Knapp said that effective communication can be achieved with the pursuit of accuracy (accuracy) the most high degree between communicators and komunikan in every communication. More effective communication occurs when Communicator and komunikan there are similarities in the understanding, attitudes and language. Communication can be said to be effective what if communication is performed where:1. The message is acceptable and understandable and understood as intended by the sender.2. The message conveyed by the sender can be agreed upon by the recipient and followed up with deeds that demand by the sender.3. There are no barriers that mean to do what should be done to follow up on messages that are sent.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Understanding Communication, The Importance of Communication, Type and Process Communication, Effective Communication DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION word or term communication (from the English "communication"), etymologically or by origin he is from the Latin communicatus, and these words are rooted in the word communis In communis word has the meaning of 'sharing' or 'belong together' is a business that has the goal of unity or similarity of meaning. Thus, communication is a process of delivering information (messages, ideas, ideas) from one party to another. In general, communication is done verbally or verbally that can be understood by both parties. If no verbal language that can be understood by both, communication can still be done using body gestures, showing a certain attitude, for example smiled, shook his head, shrugged. This way is called nonverbal communication. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION Communication is important, everyone knows, because this is the basic instinct of every living creature. Each creature has a way of communication respectively, each man was not separated from the way he communicates. We can not discriminate between languages, tribes, customs, habits, traditions and religions as basically communicate, convey the message that if done properly, and in a state of mutual open, mind clear without sentiment and negative feelings, definite purpose to submitted acceptable. TYPES AND COMMUNICATION PROCESS Examples of simple communication model described below: sender> News-> Recipient If one element of the communication is not there then communication will not run. There are components in communication, among others: Sender (Sender = Source) is someone who has a need or information and has kepentinga communicate to others. Coding (Encoding) is the sender mengkodean information to be presented to the symbol or gesture. Message (Massage ), messages can be in any form usually can be felt or understood one or more of the senses receiver. Channels (Chanel) is how to transmit the message, eg paper for letters, aerial to the words being spoken. Receiver (Recaiver) is the one who interprets the message recipient, if the message is not delivered to the recipient, the communication will not occur. The interpretation of the code (Decoding) is the process by which the receiver interprets the message and translate it into information that is meaningful to her. If more precise interpretation of the intended recipient of the message by the receiver, then the more effective communication is happening. Feedback (Feedback) is a reversal of the process of communication in which the sender declared kominikasi reaction. In the organization is in dire need of communication. As for the types of communication in organisasai among others: a. Formal vs. informal communications formal communication is communication that follows the chain of command that is achieved by the hierarchy of authority. Informal communication is the communication that occurs outside and not dependent on herarki authority. Informal communication arise because of various purpose, namely - Satisfaction of human needs, - Resistance to the effects of a monotonous and boring, - The desire to influence the behavior of others, - Sources of information of the employment relationship. The other type of communication information is is dasas-desusyang officially disagree. This rumor also has a functional role as an additional communication tool for the organization. B. Communications downward vs upward communication lateral communication vs. communication flows downward from the top-ranked down in herarki. Upward communication is flowing news darin bottom to the top rank of an organization. Lateral communication is a parallel between those at the level of the authority. C. One-way communication and two-way one-way communication, the sender communicate the news without asking for feedback, while the two-way communication is the recipient can and give feedback. However the effectiveness of organizational communication is influenced by several factors including: 1. Formal communication channel 2. Sruktur authority in an organization where the difference stasus and power will affect the content of the communication. 1. Specialist positions Members same organization will use the terms, objectives, tasks, time, and the same style in berkomonikasi. 1. Ownership information Means of individual memunyai information and knowledge that is distinctive about his job. From the observation that there are forms of communication networks to be grouped in several forms including a circular shape, diagonally, laterally, the chain, the letter Y, and stars. COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE Effective communication is communication that is capable of producing a change in attitude (attitude change) to others who could be seen in the communication process. The purpose of Effective Communication in fact is giving the ease of understanding the message delivered between information providers and receivers of information so that the language used by the grantor informsi clearer and complete and understandable and well understood by recipients of information, or the communicant. Another goal of effective communication is for information delivery and feedback or feed back can seinbang so there is no monotony. Besides effective communication can train properly use nonverbal language. According to Mc. Crosky Larson and Knapp said that effective communication can be achieved by striving for accuracy (accuracy) the highest degree between the communicator and the communicant in every communication. More effective communication occurs when a communicator and communicant there are similarities in the understanding, attitudes and language. What can be said to be effective communication if the communication is done where: 1. Messages can be received and understood and to be understood as intended by the sender. 2. The message conveyed by the sender can be approved by the recipient and followed up with deeds that demand by the sender. 3. There is no significant obstacle to doing what should be done to follow up messages sent.