Negara Indonesia memang bukan Negar

Negara Indonesia memang bukan Negara Islam, sehingga tidak diberlakukan Syari’at Islam atau disebut dengan Khilafah yakni Negara yang sepenuhnya menjalankan Hukum Islam. Walaupun warga Negara Indonesia mayoritas beragama islam, alangkah tidak relevan apabila syari’at islam dijadikan sebagai ideologi Negara. Kenapa demikian? Karena Indonesia adalah Negara yang sifatnya heterogen, apabila syari’at islam dijadikan ideology Negara maka warga Negara yang non-muslim akan dimasukan kedalam lingkungan warga Negara kelas dua, dan orang yang berpaham atau berideologi non-agama, seperti kaum nasionalis dan sosialis, juga tidak akan memperoleh kedudukan terhormat di negeri ini (Baca : islamku,islam anda, islam kita).
Bersamaan dengan hal diatas, banyak kalangan yang menginginkan syari’at islam secara komprehensif menjadi sebuah ideologi negara, mereka mengatakan : “sungguh ironis sekali, apabila masyarakat Indonesia yang mayoritas beragama islam menerapkan hukum peninggalan belanda, tidak menerapkan ajaran islam secara utuh dalam kehidupan masyarakat”.
Dengan demikian , kebutuhan memperdalam pandangan tentang hukum positif dan hukum islam sangat diperlukan untuk menciptakan sebuah pandangan yang moderat. Karena pada dasarnya seluruh sistem hukum mempunyai tujuan yang sama yaitu menciptakan keadilan. Hal ini bisa kita tela’ah dalam definisi dari masing-masing kedua hukum diatas.
Hukum positif : Peraturan-peraturan yang bersifat memaksa, yang menentukan tingkah laku manusia dalam lingkungan masyarakat yang dibuat oleh badan-badan resmi yang berwajib, pelanggaran mana terhadap peraturan-peraturan tadi berakibatkan diambilnya tindakan, yaitu dengan hukuman tertentu.
Hukum islam : sekumpulan aturan baik yang berasal dari aturan formal maupun adat yang diakui oleh masayarakat dan bangsa tertentu sebagai pengikat bagi anggotanya.
Dari kedua definisi diatas bisa kita tarik sebuah simpulan bahwa keduanya merupakan sebuah aturan yang mengikat para anggota hukum secara paksa untuk menta’atinya. Hanya saja hukum islam berdasarkan wahyu Allah swt. dan sunah Rasul, serta berlaku dan mengikat hanya untuk semua umat islam. Sedangkan hukum positif adalah perundang-undangan, kebiasaan, traktat, jurisprudensi, doktrin. Yang sifatnya mengikat anggota hukum secara komprehensif.
Dari sini, akan terlihat beberapa perbedaan antara hukum islam dan hukum positif, diantaranya sebagai berikut :
1. hukum positif berasal dari Allah yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah saw.yang ma’shum, sedangkan Allah maha mengetahui apa yang diperlukan oleh hamba-Nya sehingga Dia memberian hukum yang dapat mewujudkan segala kemaslahatan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat bagi mereka. Allah tidak perlu dengan hamba-Nya, Dia Maha kaya dan Maha penyayang dengan hamba-Nya. Adapun hukum positif yang menetapkannya adalah manusia, semua serba terbatas baik dari segi kemampuan, ilmu dan kebutuhan mereka dengan Allah, selain ia juga sangat tergantung pada faktor kecakapan, lingkungan, zaman, dan adapt kebiasaan.
2. bahwa hokum islam mengatur hubungan antara Allah dan hamba-Nya atas dasar agama yang berlandaskan kepada pamrih ukhrawi dan perhitungan terhadap amal-amal zhahir dan batin. Adapun hokum positif tidak memiliki semua itu, tidak ada perhitungan dan pamrih kecuali yang tampak saja dan berhubungan dengan orang lain. Jadi, tidak ada filter yang terkait dengan hati nurani.
3. hokum islam memerintahkan yang baik dan mencegah yang munkar. Ia mencakup segala bentuk ebaikan dan memotivasinya, mencegah yang munkar dan mewanti-wantinya. Adapun hokum positif hanya mengatasi masalah kerusakan (akibat negatif) dan andaikan ada kebaikan, itu hanya konsekuensi logis. Oleh karena itu balasannya hanya bersifat duniawi yang dilaksanakan oleh para penguasa. Sedangkan hokum islam, taat dan patuh dinilai sebagai ibadah, mendapat pahala dan mendapat kebaikan duniawi, melanggarnya dianggap maksiat dan dosa.
4. hukum positif terkadang melegalkan yang haram dengan alasan manfaat manusia. Sedangkan hukum islam tidak seperti itu karena Allah maha mengetahui dengan semua kebaikan walaupun manusia tidak mengetahuinya.
Tetapi dalam hal ini bukan berarti hukum positif tidak mempunyai kelebihan yang melahirkan sebuah manfaat walaupun dibuat oleh manusia tepatnya orang-orang romawi. Tetapi kita juga tidak dapat mengatakan, bahwa sistem hukum positif yang kita kenal sekarang ini adalah sepenuhnya mencerminkan ciri romawinya. Sistem hukum ini mulai muncul pada abad ketigabelas dan sejak itu mengalami perkembangan, perubahan, atau singkat kata menjalani suatu evolusi. Selama evolusi ini ia mengalami penyempurnaan, yaitu menyesuaikan kepada tuntutan dan kebutuhan masyarakatnya yang berubah. Oleh karena itulah kita tidak dapat menyamakan begitu saja sistem hukum positif ini dengan hukum romawi, sekalipun ia memang merupakan kelanjutan hukum tersebut. Dalam evolusinya itu hukum positif kemudian banyak dimasuki oleh unsur yang datang dari luar hukum romawi diantaranya hukum islam ikut andil memberikan kontribusi. Adapun kelebihan hukum positif adalah :
1. Apa yang diatur dengan mudah diketahui orang
2. setiap orang, kecuali yang tidak bisa membaca, mendapatkan jalan masuk yang sama ke dalam hukum
3. pengetahuan orang mengenai hukum senantiasa bisa dicocokan kembali dengan yang telah dituliskan, sehinngga mengurangi ketidakpastian
4. untuk keperluan pengembangan peraturan hukum atau perundangan-undangan, untuk membuat yang baru, maka hokum positif yang sudah tertulis juga menyediakan banyak kemudahan.
5. hukumnya mengikat secara komprehensif, tidak hanya pada golongan tertentu
sekalipun hukum positif memilki banyak kelebihan, tetapi ia tidak sekaligus bisa disamakan dengan meningkatnya kualitas keadilan, tetapi hanya menyangkut bentuk saja. Disamping itu, penggunaan hukum positif tidak serta-merta menghilangkan bekerjanya hukum islam yang lebih dikenal sebagai tradisi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu sesungguhnya kita bisa berbicara tentang berjalannya dua bentuk tatanan secara berdampingan, yaitu hokum islam bisa bekerja secara diam-diam. Di bawah permukaan hukum positif yang bersifat resmi. Pendekatan sosiologis memungkinkan kita mengamati kejadian tersebut.

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

Country Indonesia is indeed not an Islamic State, so it's not enforced Islamic Sharia or called by the Caliphate State i.e. a fully running Islamic law. Although citizens of predominantly Muslim Indonesia, it would be irrelevant if the Shari'ah of islam as the ideology of the State. Why is this so? Because Indonesia is a country which is heterogeneous, the ideological foundation of the Islamic Sharia in the country then citizens that non-Muslims will be admitted into the environment of second-class citizens, and the editor of the berideologi or non-religious, such as nationalists and Socialists, also won't earn an Honorable position in the country (read: your islamku, islam, islam us).In conjunction with the above, many circles who want Islamic Sharia comprehensively into a State ideology, they say: "it is ironic, in a community predominantly Islamic Indonesia applying Dutch heritage, not applying the teachings of islam as a whole in the life of society".Thus, the need for deepening the view of positive law and Islamic law is indispensable to create a moderate view. Because basically the whole legal system had the same objective namely to create justice. This we can tela'ah in the definition of each of these two laws above.Positive law: regulations that are forcing, that determines human behavior in neighborhoods made by official agencies, authorities, where violations against regulations last berakibatkan took action, that is by a certain penalty.Islamic law: a set of rules from the rules of formal and customary recognized by the masayarakat and certain peoples as a binder for the members.From the second definition above can we pull a summary that both is a binding rule of law members forcibly to menta'atinya. It's just that Islamic law based on the revelation of Allah swt. and the Sunnah of the Messenger, as well as applicable and binding only for all Muslims. While positive law is legislation, custom, Treaty, jurisprudence, doctrine. Which is binding on the members of the law in a comprehensive manner.From here, it would seem some differences between Islamic law and positive law, including the following:1. positive law comes from God who was taken by the Prophet. even if, while Allah is knowing what is required by his servant so he provides a law which can realize all of the benefits and happiness in this world and the hereafter for those. God does not need with his servant, he is rich and Most compassionate with his servant. As for positive law which set it is a man, all the limited both in terms of ability, knowledge and needs to God, in addition he is also very dependent on skills, environment, age, and adapt the habit.2. Islamic law that governs the relationship between God and his servant on the basis of religion based on to the strings attached ukhrawi and calculations against charities-charity Zahir and batin. As for positive law does not have any of it, no strings attached except calculation and seemed only and relate to others. So, no filter is associated with a conscience.3. Islamic law ordered the good and prevent that it is. It includes all forms of ebaikan and memotivasinya, which prevents it and the mewanti-wantinya. As for positive law only address the problem of damage (due to negative) and assume there is goodness, it's just a logical consequence. Therefore return only earthly nature carried out by the authorities. While the Islamic law abiding and dutifully assessed as worship, reward and got the good of the world, break it is considered immoral and sinful.4. positive law sometimes legalizing the unlawful by reason of human benefits. While Islamic law did not like that because God is omniscient with all goodness though humans do not know.But in this case it's not that positive law does not have the advantages that gave birth to a benefit though made by a human being exactly the Romans. But we also can't say, that the system of positive law which we know now this is fully reflected his hallmark. This legal system began to appear in the thirteenth century and has since undergone developments, changes, or short words undergo an evolution. During the evolution of these he evolved, that adjust to the demands and needs of a changing society. Therefore we cannot equate granted this positive legal system with Roman law, although he is indeed a continuation of the law. In its evolution that positive law then many entered by elements from outside Roman law including Islamic law participate contribute. As for the surplus of positive law are:1. What is regulated easily known2. any person, except that can't read, get the same entrance into law3. knowledge of people regarding the law always be dicocokan back with which it is written, sehinngga reduce uncertainty4. for the purposes of the development of the rule of law or perundangan-undangan, to create a new, positive law then it is written also provides a lot of convenience.5. binding law in a comprehensive manner, not only on the specificNotwithstanding the positive law has many advantages, but it is not at once can be equated with an increase in the quality of Justice, but only concerns the form only. In addition, the use of positive law does not immediately eliminate the works of Islamic law who is better known as a tradition in Indonesia. Therefore we can indeed talk about the passage of two forms side by side order, i.e. Islamic law can work discreetly. Below the surface of positive law which is official. The sociological approach allows us to observe it.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

State of Indonesia is not an Islamic State, so it does not apply Shari'a or referred by the Khilafah state which fully execute Islamic law. Although the majority of Indonesian citizens of Islamic religion, it would be irrelevant if the Shari'ah of Islam serve as the State ideology. Why is that? Because Indonesia is the country that are heterogeneous, when used as the ideology of Islamic Shari'ah State then citizens of non-Muslims will be incorporated into a second-class citizen environment, and people are sensible or non-religious ideologies, such as nationalists and socialists, nor will acquire a respectable position in the country (read: my Islamic, your islam, islam us).
Along with the above, many people who want a comprehensive Islamic Shari'ah into a state ideology, they say: "really ironic, if the people of Indonesia predominantly Islamic relics apply Dutch law, not to apply the teachings of Islam as a whole in the life of society ".
Thus, the need to deepen the view of positive law and Islamic law is needed to create a moderate view. Because basically all legal systems have the same goal of creating justice. This can be tela'ah in the definition of each of the above law.
The positive law: regulations that are forcing, which determine human behavior in a community environment created by official bodies authorities, where the offense against peraturan- regulation was berakibatkan taken action, ie by a certain penalty.
Islamic law: a set of rules which derive from formal rules and customs that are recognized by the community and particular nation as a binder for its members.
From the above definition we can draw a conclusion that both are a rule binding members forced to menta'atinya law. It's just that Islamic law is based on the revelations of Allah. and the Sunnah of the Prophet, as well as valid and binding only for all Muslims. While positive law is the law, customs, treaties, jurisprudence, doctrine. Which is binding member law comprehensively.
From here, you will see some differences between Islamic law and positive law, including the following:
1. positive law from God that brought by the Prophet saw.yang Ma'shum, while God is all knowing what is required by His servants that He memberian law which can realize any benefit and happiness in this world and the hereafter for them. God does not need to be with His servants, He is rich and Most merciful with His servants. The positive law which set is human, everything is limited both in terms of capability, knowledge and their needs to God, besides it is also highly dependent on the skill factor, environment, age, and indigenous customs.
2. that Islamic law governs the relationship between God and His servants on the basis of religion, which is based the calculation of the profit ukhrawi and deeds Zahir and mind. As for the positive law does not have all of it, no strings attached except calculation and looks only and relate to others. So, no filter is associated with a conscience.
3. Islamic law ordered the good and forbidding evil. He covers all forms ebaikan and motivated, forbidding evil and cautioned wantinya. As for the positive law only solve the problem of damage (negative result) and suppose that there is good, it is only a logical consequence. Therefore the only earthly reward carried out by the authorities. While Islamic law, obedient and submissive assessed as worship, rewarded and gets the good of the world, breaking considered immoral and a sin.
4. sometimes positive law legalizing unlawful on the grounds of human benefit. While Islamic law does not like it because God is all knowing all the good even if people do not know.
But in this case does not mean that positive law does not have the advantages that gave birth to a benefit although made ​​by humans rather roman people. But we also can not say that the positive legal system that we know today is a fully reflect the characteristic Roman. The legal system began to emerge in the thirteenth century and since then has evolved, change, or in a word undergo an evolution. During this evolution she experienced improvements, which adjusts to the demands and needs of a changing society. Therefore we can not simply equate the positive law system with Roman law, even though he was a continuation of that law. In the evolution of positive law then much penetrated by elements who came from outside the Roman law including Islamic law contribute to contribute. The excess of positive law are:
1. What is known to be regulated by the
second. everyone, except who can not read, the same gain entry into law
3. knowledge of the law can always be matched back it is written, sehinngga reduce uncertainty
4. for the purposes of development of legal regulation or legislation, to create new ones, then the positive law is written also provide a lot of convenience.
5. Comprehensive legal binding, not only on certain groups
even positive law has many advantages, but it does not at once be equated with increasing the quality of justice, but only about form only. In addition, the use of positive law does not necessarily eliminate the operation of Islamic law which is better known as a tradition in Indonesia. Therefore, we can actually talk about the passage of the two forms side by side arrangement, ie Islamic law could work quietly. Below the surface of the positive law of an official nature. Sociological approach allows us to observe the incident.