Psikologi memiliki empat aliran bes

Psikologi memiliki empat aliran besar utama. Jika ditanyakan, aliran psikologi apa yang sesuai dengan pemahaman saya, akan disebutkan bahwa saya lebih memilih aliran Psikologi Humanisme. Psikologi humanistik lahir sebagai revolusi ketiga atau dikatakan sebagai mazhab ketiga psikologi yakni reaksi atas aliran psikoanalisis dan behaviorisme serta dipandang sebagai “kekuatan ketiga “ dalam aliran psikologi.
Humanisme menekankan etika dan nilai individu pada umumnya. Aliran ini saya sukai dan saya percaya bahwa setiap individu memiliki sifat dasar manusia yang kreatif, positif dan aktif. Saya optimis pada aliran ini, bahwa setiap individu secara bebas mampu bertumbuh secara pribadi, memiliki kegembiraan, kemampuan untuk pulih kembali setelah mengalami ketidakbahagiaan serta keberhasilan dalam merealisasikan potensi dirinya. Menurut saya, didalam kehidupan manusia bukan sebagai pelakon tetapi pencari makna kehidupan.
Manusia harus menjadi diri mereka sendiri, tanpa memakai topeng dan berusaha mengikuti harapan oranglain. Dengan begitu, manusia dapat berkembang ke arah positif dan mampu memenuhi potensi diri, kecuali mereka mengalami rintangan. Pengalaman manusia menjadikan kontrol bagi dirinya. Misalnya ketika manusia dihadapkan pada suatu masalah, kemudian ia mau berusaha dan tidak putus asa. Kemudian ia mampu menyelesaikannya, berarti ia memiliki kontrol terhadap dirinya sendiri. Kontrol yang berasal dari dalam diri seseorang adalah lebih sehat daripada kontrol yang dipaksakan dari luar.
Keberadaan manusia bersumber dari relasi dengan orang lain. Adanya cinta dan kasih sayang menjadi salah satu sumber dari pemenuhan diri manusia yang positif. Misalnya: Kita mendapatkan kasih sayang orangtua dan relasi dengan teman dan masyarakat. Jika kita sudah mendapatkan perasaan tersebut, kita mampu untuk memberikan cinta dan kasih sayang itu kepada orang lain disekitar kita. Seperti memiliki rasa simpati-empati, dapat bekerjasama melalui kasih dan mau menolong-menghargai oranglain. Hal itu melibatkan adanya cinta produktif yang membentuk kepribadian dewasa dan matang. Orang mendapatkan pemahaman diri melalui lingkungan psikososial yang suportif.
Perasaan tidak berdaya, sering kali menjadi penyebab utama kecemasan pada manusia. Manusia tidak memiliki keberanian dalam menghadapi takdir dan melepaskan diri. Walaupun begitu, potensi manusia bergerak untuk mengahadapi ancaman, dan memiliki kesempatan untuk memperoleh pencapian. Misalnya: orang memiliki keterbatasan secara fisik, mau berusaha dan belajar memanfaatkan keterbatasannya untuk mengembangkan potensi didalam dirinya, dan menjadi unggul.
Perilaku individu diawali dari adanya kebutuhan. Kebutuhan itu yang mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup dan meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya. Saya yakin, bahwa tercukupinya kebutuhan tersebut mengarahkan pada pemenuhan diri yang positif bagi manusia. Berikut adalah hierarki kebutuhan Maslow; a) Kebutuhan fisiologis → Manusia membutuhkan makan dan minum dalam hidupnya. b) Kebutuhan akan rasa aman → Lingkungan yang bebas dari ancaman. c) Kebutuhan akan cinta dan memiliki cinta → kesempatan yang diberikan untuk menjalin hubungan yang akrab dengan orang lain. d) Kebutuhan akan penghargaan → pemberian penghargaan atau reward, mengakui hasil karya individu. e) Motif aktualisasi diri → kesempatan dan kebebasan untuk merealisasikan cita-cita atau harapan individu.
Selain itu, manusia juga memiliki empat jenis kebutuhan individu, yaitu: a) Kebutuhan berprestasi (need for achievement), yaitu kebutuhan untuk mencapai prestasi yang tertinggi. b) Kebutuhan berkuasa (need for power), yaitu kebutuhan untuk mencari dan memiliki kekuasaan dan pengaruh terhadap orang lain. c) Kebutuhan untuk membentuk ikatan (need for affiliation), yaitu kebutuhan untuk mengikat diri dalam kelompok, organisasi ataupun persahabatan. d) Kebutuhan takut akan kegagalan (need for fear of failure), yaitu kebutuhan untuk menghindar diri dari kegagalan atau sesuatu yang menghambat perkembangannya.

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

Psychology has four large main stream. If asked, the flow of the psychology of what corresponds to my understanding, it would be mentioned that I prefer flow Psychology of humanism. Humanistic psychology was born as the third revolution or is said to be the third sect psychology i.e. reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorisme flow and is seen as the "third force" in psychology. Humanism emphasizes individual values and ethics in General. This flow is my passion and I believe that each individual has the basic human nature is creative, positive and active. I am optimistic in this flow, that every individual freely able to grow personally, have the excitement, the ability to recover after undergoing unhappiness as well as success in realizing the potential of him. In my opinion, in the human life not as a star but a seeker of meaning of life. People must be on their own, without wearing a mask and tried to follow the expectations of oranglain. So, human beings can progress toward positive and able to meet the potential, unless they experience obstacles. The control renders the human experience for him. For example when people are faced with a problem, then he would try and do not despair. Then he was able to finish it, meaning he has control over himself. The control comes from within one's self is healthier than the control imposed from the outside. Human existence is predicated on the relationship with other people. The presence of love and compassion to become one of the sources of positive human self-fulfillment. For example: we get parental affection and relationships with friends and the community. If we already get the feeling, we were able to give the love and compassion to others surrounding us. Like having a sense of empathy, sympathy-can work together through love and willing to help-appreciate oranglain. It involves the presence of love that shape the personality of the productive adult and mature. People get self-understanding through psychosocial supportive environment. Feeling helpless, are often the main cause of anxiety in humans. Humans do not have the courage in the face of destiny and escape. However, human potential moves to mengahadapi threat, and have the opportunity to obtain pencapian. For example: people with disabilities are physically, willing to try and learn to utilize its limitations for developing potential in her, and became superior. The individual behavior of the need. It needs that maintain survival and improve quality of life. I am sure, that the direct fulfillment on self-fulfillment is positive for mankind. The following is the hierarchy of needs Maslow; a) physiological Needs → Human need to eat and drink in her life. b) need a sense of Security → Environment, free of threats. c) needs the love and love has given opportunity to → relationship who is familiar with everyone else. d) need for appreciation or award → reward, recognize the work of individuals. e) motives of self-actualization → opportunity and freedom for the realization of goals or expectations of the individual. In addition, humans also have four types of needs of individuals, namely: a) the needs of top achievers (need for achievement), namely the need to achieve the highest achievements. b) needs of power (need for power), namely the need to search for and has the power and influence of others. c) Needs to form bonds (need for affiliation), namely the need to tie yourself in a group, organisation or friendship. d) needs of the fear of failure (need for fear of failure), namely the need to avoid themselves from failure or something that hindered its development.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Psychology has four main large flow. If asked, the flow of the psychology of what is in accordance with my understanding, it will be mentioned that I prefer the flow of Humanism Psychology. Humanistic psychology was born as the third revolution or be regarded as a third school of psychology that is a reaction to the flow of psychoanalysis and behaviorism is regarded as the "third force" in the flow of psychology.
Humanism emphasizes the ethics and values ​​of individuals in general. This stream is my passion and I believe that every individual has a human nature that is creative, positive and active. I am optimistic on this flow, that every individual freely able to grow personally, have excitement, the ability to recover after experiencing unhappiness and success in realizing her potential. I think, in human life not as an actor but a search of meaning of life.
People have to be themselves, without wearing a mask and tried to follow the expectations of others. That way, people can develop in a positive direction and is able to fulfill your own potential, unless they encounter obstacles. Human experience makes control for himself. For example, when humans are faced with a problem, then he would try and not despair. Then he was able to finish, meaning he has control over himself. Control that comes from inside a person is healthier than the control imposed from the outside.
The presence of man come from relationships with others. The existence of love and affection be one source of positive human self-fulfillment. For example: We get parental affection and relationships with friends and the community. If we've got this feeling, we are able to provide love and affection to others around us. Like having sympathy-empathy, can work together through love and want to help-respect of others. It involves the love that form the productive adult and mature personality. People gain self-understanding through psychosocial supportive environment.
Feelings of helplessness, often a major cause of anxiety in humans. Humans do not have the courage in the face of destiny and escape. However, the human potential move to confront the threat, and have the opportunity to acquire pencapian. For example: a person has physical limitations, want to try and learn to take advantage of limitations to develop the potential within him, and excel.
The behavior of individuals starting from their needs. The requirement that maintains survival and improve quality of life. I am sure that those needs tercukupinya lead to a positive self-fulfillment for humans. Here is the hierarchy of needs Maslow; a) Physiological Needs → People need to eat and drink in his life. b) The need for security → environment that is free from threats. c) The need for love and have love → given the opportunity to establish a close relationship with another person. d) The need for appreciation → awards or rewards, recognizes the work of individuals. e) The motive of self actualization → opportunity and freedom to realize the ideals or expectations of the individual.
In addition, people also have four types of individual needs, namely: a) The need for achievement (need for achievement), namely the need to achieve the highest achievement. b) The need for power (need for power), namely the need to look for and have power and influence on others. c) The need to form bonds (need for affiliation), namely the need to bind themselves in a group, organization or friendship. d) The need for fear of failure (need for fear of failure), namely the need to avoid themselves from a failure or something that hamper its development.