The History Of The State Union Of Republic Of IndonesiaThe Republic of Indonesia is an archipelago country known as Nusantara (Archipelago between) that lies between the Mainland of Southeast Asia and Australia and between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Indonesia bersempadankan diKalimantan Malaysia, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor/Timor-Leste on the island of Timor.History of Indonesia includes a very long span of time which started since prehistoric times by the "Java man" at the time of about 500,000 years ago. The period in the history of Indonesia can be divided into five eras: pre-colonial empires, the rise of Hindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java and Sumatra which relied mostly on trade; the colonial era, the influx of Europeans (especially the Netherlands) who wants spice led to colonization by the Netherlands for about 3,5 centuries between the early 17th century to the mid 20th century; the era of independence, after the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia (1945) until the fall of Sukarno (1966); the new order era, 32 years of Suharto's reign (1966-1998); as well as the reform era that lasted until now.PrehistoricGeologically, the area of modern Indonesia appeared roughly around the Pleistocene when still connected to the Asian mainland. The first settlers of the region is a known Java man at about 500,000 years ago. Indonesia islands such as the one currently formed when ice melelehnya after the end of the last ice age.Pre colonial EraIndia scholars have written about Dwipantara or Java Hindu Kingdom Dwipa on Java and Sumatra around 200 BC the Tarumanagara Kingdom ruled the West Java around the year 400. In 425 Buddhism reached the region. At the time of the European Renaissance, Java and Sumatra has had its heritage of civilization thousands of years old and along the two great empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit in Java, Sumatra and the western part of Java Island, inherited the Tarumanagara Kingdom of civilization and the Sunda Kingdom.The Hindu-Buddhist KingdomsIn the fourth century to the seventh century in the West Java region there are Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Tarumanagara who continued with the Sunda Kingdom until the 16th century. During the 7th century until the 14th century, the Buddhist Kingdom of Srivijaya flourished on Sumatra. The Chinese traveller I Ching visited its capital Palembang circa 670. At its height, the Empire controlled the area as far as West Java and the Malay Peninsula. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of a Hindu Kingdom of Majapahit in East Java. Vizier of Majapahit between 1331 to 1364, Gajah Mada successfully gained control of the region that is now largely Indonesia along with almost the entire Malay Peninsula. The legacy of the Gajah Mada including codification of law and in Javanese culture, as seen in the epic Ramayana.The Islamic EmpireIslam as a rule present in Indonesia around the 12th century, but actually had already entered Islam to Indonesia in the 7th century AD. At that time there was already a busy shipping lane and internationally through the Malacca Strait which connects the Tang dynasty of China, the Srivijaya empire in Southeast Asia and the Umayyads in Western Asia since the 7th century. According to Chinese sources toward the end of the third quarter of the century 7, an Arab merchants became the leader of the Arab muslim settlement on the coast of Sumatra. Islam also gives influence to the existing political institutions. It appears in 100 H (718 M) the King of Srivijaya Jambi named Srindravarman sent a letter to Caliph ' Umar Ibn ' Abdul ' Aziz from the Bani Umayyah Caliphate request sent da'i who could explain Islam to him. The letter reads: "From the King in the King who is the offspring of a thousand Kings, whose wife is also the grandson of a thousand Kings, who in a cage breeding there are a thousand elephants, who are on its territory there are two rivers that irrigate tree Aloe, fragrances of spices, nutmeg and whose fragrant camphor to reach out to a distance of 12 miles, the King of the Arabs who did not associate other gods with God.I have send you a prize, which is actually a gift that not so many, but merely a sign of friendship. I want you to send me someone who can teach Islam to me and tells me about his laws. " Two years later, the year 720 M, King Srindravarman, originally a Hindu, converted to Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi was known by the name Sribuza Islam. Alas, in the year 730 M Sriwijaya Sriwijaya Palembang, Jambi, captured by that still adhere to Buddhism.Islam continues to be a political institution mengokoh carry Islam. For example, an Islamic Sultanate Of Perlak named was founded on the 1st of Muharram year 12 November 225H or 839M. Another example is the Kingdom of Ternate. Islam came to the Kingdom in the Maluku islands this year 1440. His King a Muslim named Shadow Ullah.Islamic sultanates then spread his teachings to the inhabitants of semikin and through the intermingling of Hindu beliefs, replacing the main at the end of the 16th century in Java and Sumatra. Only Bali retained a Hindu majority. In the archipelago-archipelago in the East, chaplain-chaplain Christian and Islam are known to have been active in the 16th century and 17th, and currently there is a large majority of both religions in the Islands-these islands.The spread of Islam carried out/pushed through trade relations outside the Country; This, as the spreader of da'wah or missionary is the Envoy of the Islamic Government who come from outside of Indonesia, then to support themselves and their families, the missionary work through trade, the missionary program to spread Islam to the traders of the natives, until these traders embraced Islam and also to transmit to other residents, because generally the merchants and Royal expert who first adopt the new religion. The Sultanate/the Kingdom of Pasai Ocean, including the Sultanate of Banten which strained diplomatic relations with European countries, the Kingdom of Mataram in Central Java/Yogya, and the Sultanate of Ternate and Tidore in Maluku in The East.Colonization Of NetherlandsBeginning in 1602 Netherlands gradually became the rulers of the region of what is now Indonesia, by exploiting the split between the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only thing not affected was the Portuguese Timor, which remains controlled by Portugal until 1975 when it became a province of Indonesia named integrate East Timor. Netherlands ruled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small portion of Indonesia overpowered Britain after the British-Netherlands Java War and the occupation of Japan during World War II. While Indonesia invades Netherlands, Netherlands East Indies developed into one of the world's richest colonial power. 350-year occupation of Netherlands for some people is mere myth because Aceh's territory recently conquered later after approaching the Netherlands kebangkrutannya.VOCIn the 17th century Netherlands East Indies and 18 not covered directly by the Government of Netherlands but by trading company named Netherlands East India Company (the Netherlands: Verenigde East India Company or VOC). The VOC was given a monopoly of trade and colonial activities in the region by the Parliament of the Netherlands in 1602. Its headquarters are located in Batavia, now known as Jakarta.The main purpose of the VOC is maintaining a monopoly on the spice trade in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population in the archipelago-producing Spice Islands, and against people of non-Netherlands trying to trade with the locals. For example, when the population of the Banda islands continue to sell seed nutmeg to the United Kingdom, the Netherlands traders to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the Islands with the maid-servants or slaves working in the plantations of nutmeg. The VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in several battles involving leaders of Mataram and Banten.After the fall of the VOC went bankrupt at the end of the 18th century and after a short British rule under Thomas Stamford Raffles, the Netherlands Government took ownership of the VOC in 1816. A revolt in Java in the Java war was succeeded in 1825-1830. After 1830, the cropping system known as the forced cultivation system in the Netherlands began to take effect. In this system, the inhabitants are forced to plant a plantation which results into the world market demand at the time, such as tea, coffee etc. The plant was then exported to foreign countries. This system brought great wealth to the Organization – both the Netherlands and Indonesia. The planting system forced the Government monopoly and was eliminated at the freer after 1870.In 1901 the Netherlands adopted what they called the Ethical Policy (the Netherlands: Ethische Politiek), which include bigger investments in education for indigenous people, and few political changes. Under Governor-General J.B. van Heutsz-Netherlands Indies Government extend colonial rule directly along the Netherlands East Indies, and thus establish the Foundation for Indonesia's current state.Movement of nationalismIn 1905 the first nationalist movement, [Islamic Trade Union] was formed and was followed in 1908 by the nationalist movements that followed, [Budi Utomo]. The Netherlands responded after World War I with suppression measures. Nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, y
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