How the cultivation of banana trees Bananas are tropical plants that are easily cultivated, this plant can grow well anywhere either on low or high altitude. Almost all parts of the banana trees benefit from getting a tree, the leaves and the fruit can be sold at a price relatively expensive. The fruit can be processed into food that is delicious as jam, chips, dodol and others. On this occasion I would like to convey to viewers all about cultivation of banana trees, perhaps useful for viewers, especially the banana farmersHow the cultivation of banana trees1. Growing Conditions1.1 Climate1. tropical wet Climate, humid and hot in favor of the growth of banana. However, bananas can still grow in subtropical areas. Conditions without water, a banana is still growing because water is supplied from the stalks are juicy but the production can not be less than the maximum.2. Wind at high speed like a hurricane can damage leaves and affect plant growth.3. optimum rainfall is 1,520 – 3800 mm/growing up with two months dry. Precipitation variations must be balanced with the height of ground water to land not inundated.1.2. the planting Media1. Banana can grow ditanah a rich humus, the soil contains lime or heavy. This voracious plant food so we recommend bananas planted ditanah berhumus with fertilization.2. Water should always be available but may not be pooled due to plant bananas should be intensively diari. Height of the ground water in wet areas is 50 – 200 cm, in the wet half of the 100 – 200 cm and in dry areas of 50 – 150 cm. Soil erosion has undergone yg will not produce a good banana crop. The soil should be easy meresapkan water. Bananas do not live on land containing salt 0.07%.1.3. HeightBanana plants tolerant to altitude and dryness. In Indonesia generally can be grown in the lowlands to the mountains as high as 2,000 m above sea level. Pisang ambon, banana jackfruit and banana horns grow good up to an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level2. Cultivation Guidelines2.1. the nurseryBanana propagated by vegetative, developed with the new breed shoots/Cubs1. requirements for Seeds: high saplings yg made seedlings is 1-1.5 m with a width of cut tuber 15-20 cm. taken from tree Saplings yg fruiting well and healthy. High seeds will affect the production of bananas (the number of comb within each bunch). There are two types of banana seedlings: young puppies & adults. Mature chicks are better used because it already had yet & flower food supplies in many of dlm. The use of seed-shaped spear (the leaves are shaped like a sword, narrow-leaf strands) take precedence over the seedlings with a wide leaf.2. preparation of Seeds: Seeds can be purchased from somewhere else or are provided in the garden itself. Seedlings are planted with Banana trunks rather tightly around 2 x 2 m. parent, let one tree has shoots between 7-9. To avoid too much number of shoots, then do the cutting buds.3. Sanitary seedlings planted: bebelum to avoid the spread of pests/diseases before planted seedlings was given preferential treatment as follows:1. after the cut, clean soil is sticking to the roots.2. save seedlings in the shade 1-2 days before planting so that the wound on the tuber dry up. Discard the leaves of a wide.3. soak the seed tuber limited neck rods in insektisida0 .5-1% for 10 minutes. Then the seed dikeringanginkan.4. If no insecticides, soak seed tubers in running water for 48 hours.5. If the planting acreage in already existing pest nematodes, soak the seeds in hot water for a few minutes.2.2. the planting Media Processing1. opening of the Land: land Selection should consider aspects of climate, economic infrastructure and the distance of the market/industrial processing of bananas, should also be considered in terms of social security. To open a banana plantation, first do the extermination of weeds, grass or bushes, penggemburan land is still solid; sengkedan creation and manufacture of drains.2. the establishment of The sloping land Sengkedan need disengked (made terrace). Sengkedan width depending on the degree of the slope of the land. Stomach sengkedan was detained with grass or rocks if possible. It is recommended to grow legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala on the limits of sengkedan which serves as the anchoring soil erosion, nutrient supplier and also windshields.3. manufacture of Sewer water, these channels should be created on land with a slope of a small and flat land. On the side of the runway and grass were planted to prevent channel erosion of the foundations of the channel itself.2.3. the planting Technique1. determination of the pattern of Plant planting banana plants: distance wide enough so that in the first three months allowing the planting patterns of intercropping used/plant Hall among plant bananas. Crop intercropping/hallway can be either vegetables or food crops a season. Dikebanyakan banana plantations in the region are high annual precipitation totals, bananas are grown along with crop plantations of coffee, cocoa, coconut and arecanuts. In Western India, banana for export are planted permanently with coconut.2. creation of the planting Hole: Hole Size is 50 x 50 x 50 cm on the ground is heavy & 30 x 30 x 30 cm or 40 x 40 x 40 cm for the loose soil. Planting distance of 3 x 3 m for land is 3.3 x 3.3 m & for heavy soil.3. Planting: planting was done ahead of the rainy season (September-October). Before planting holes are given organic fertilizers such as manure/compost as much as 15 – 20 kg. Organic fertilization is very influential to the kualitasrasa fruit.2.4. plant maintenance1. Spacing: to get a good result, one group must consist of 3 to 4 stems. The cutting was done in such a way so that children in one family there are chicks who are each different age (the growth phase). After 5 hold the clumps of unpacked to be replaced by new plants.2. Weeding: grass or weeds around the tree stem must been weeded to child growth and also the parent either. Weeding is done in conjunction with the penggemburan and dapuran by land hoarding so roots and shoots abounded. It should be noted that the roots of the banana only average 15 cm below the soil surface, so weeding to be done not too deep.3. Perempalan: the leaves began to dry up and plant hygiene so that trimmed the sanitary environment is maintained. This leaves the pruning done every time.4. Fertilization: the banana is in need of large amounts of potassium. For one hectare, bananas require 207 kg of urea, 138 kg of super phosphate, 608 kg KCl and 200 kg of limestone as a source of calcium. Fertilizer N is given twice in one year, placed in the array's around clumps of plants. After that the array's closed back to the ground. Phosphate and potassium fertilization performed 6 months after planting (twice in a year).5. irrigation and Watering: Bananas will flourish and produce well over pengairannya awake. The plant is watered by means of flushing or fill in waterways that are in between rows of banana plants.6. the granting of Mulch surrounding Soil clumps of banana: given a mulch of the leaves to dry or wet. Mulch is useful to reduce the evaporation of soil water and hit the weed, but pemulsaan that continuously cause a shallow rooting so that at the time of the dry plants languish. Mulch should not be therefore installed continuously.7. maintenance of fruit: banana Heart has a 25 cm from the last fruit comb should be cut so that the fruits of growth are not impeded. After comb banana bunches of bananas, perfect fluffy wrapped with clear plastic pouch. Polyethylene plastic bags with a thickness of 0.5 mm hole diameter was given 1.25 cm. Approximately every 7.5 cm. Hole Size plastic bag is such that cover 15-45 cm above the base of the comb and 25 cm below the top edge of the bottom comb. To keep the plant not collapsed due to the weight of bunches, stems the plant lay with bamboo embedded as deep as 30 cm into the ground.3. pests and diseases 3.1. Pests 1. leaf the Caterpillar (Erienota thrax.)• Parts are the leaves.• Symptoms: leaves rolled up like a veil and torn to the bone of the leaf.• Control: by using a suitable insecticide does not yet exist, it can be tested with the Insecticide Malathion.2. Uret Weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus)• Parts that are petal leaves, stems.• Symptoms: hallways to up/down in a banana leaf, trunk lids full hallway.• Sanitation: Control of banana groves, clean the clump from the rest of the banana stem, use seed that has been disucihamakan.3. Nematodes (Radopholus similis, Rotulenchus similis).• Section that was attacked is the root.• Symptoms: plants seem to languish, small spots or cavity formed in the root, the root swelling.• Control: use seed that has been disucihamakan, increase soil humus and use of land with a small clay content.4. the Caterpillar flower and fruit (Nacoleila octasema.)• The Section under attack is flower & fruit.• Symptoms: abnormal fruit growth, fruit skins mangy. The presence of the Caterpillar at least 70 in bunches of bananas.• Control: by using insecticides.3.2. Disease 1. diseases of the blood• Causes: the bacterium Xanthomonas celebensis (bacteria). Parts are parts in the plant tissue.• Symptoms: network become pinkish as bloody.• Control: with the dismantling and burning plants who are sick.2. Panama• Fusarium oxysporum fungus causes:. The leaves are.• Symptoms: leaves wither and drop out, the outside leaves first and then leaves on the stem of the leaf in, split horizontal discharge of vessels, the SAP is black.• Control: unpack and burn the crops that are sick.3. leaf Spots• Penyeb
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