Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertens

Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi telah menjadi penyakit yang umum bagi banyak orang saat ini, apalagi bagi mereka yang tinggal di kawasan perkotaan. Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab stroke, serangan jantung, dan juga gagal ginjal. Dan akibat terburuk dari penyakit ini adalah kematian. Karena itu, jika bisa, penyakit ini harus dicegah. Jika Anda memiliki tekanan darah yang tinggi, Anda dapat mengendalikan penyakit ini. Bagaimana cara mencegah dan mengendalikan darah tinggi atau hipertensi?
Tekanan Darah
Sebelum membahas mengenai tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi, ada baiknya Anda mengenal terlebih dahulu tentang tekanan darah. Saat Anda melakukan pemeriksaan fisik atau pemeriksaan klinis ke dokter, biasanya ada alat khusus yang digunakan oleh dokter untuk memeriksa tekanan darah. Alat untuk memeriksa tekanan darah disebut sphigmomanometer atau dikenal juga dengan tensimeter. Ada tensimeter digital dan ada juga tensimeter air raksa yang masih umum digunakan untuk pemeriksaan klinis.
Memeriksa Tekanan Darah
Saat memeriksa tekanan darah, ada dua angka yang biasanya disebut misalnya 120/80. Apa yang dimaksud angka-angka tersebut?
Sistolik

Angka pertama (120) yaitu tekanan darah sistolik, yaitu tekanan saat jantung berdenyut atau berdetak (sistol). Sering disebut tekanan atas.
Diastolik

Angka kedua (80) yaitu tekanan darah diastolik, yaitu tekanan saat jantung beristirahat di antara saat pemompaan. Sering disebut tekanan bawah.

Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah dengan menyuruh Anda duduk atau berbaring, karena itu posisi terbaik untuk mengukur tekanan darah. Lalu dokter biasanya akan mengikat kantung udara pada lengan kanan kecuali pada lengan tersebut terdapat cedera. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah. Perbedaan antara tekanan sistolik dan diastolik disebut tekanan denyut.
Apa yang dimaksud dengan tekanan darah? Tekanan darah yaitu tekanan yang dialami darah pada pembuluh arteri ketika darah di pompa oleh jantung ke seluruh anggota tubuh manusia. Tekanan darah dibuat dengan mengambil dua ukuran dan biasanya terdapat dua angka yang akan disebut oleh dokter. Misalnya dokter menyebut 140-90, maka artinya adalah 140/90 mmHg. Angka pertama (140) menunjukkan tekanan ke atas pembuluh arteri akibat denyutan jantung atau pada saat jantung berdenyut atau berdetak, dan disebut tekanan sistolik atau sering disebut tekanan atas. Angka kedua (90) menunjukkan tekanan saat jantung beristirahat di antara pemompaan, dan disebut tekanan diastolik atau sering juga disebut tekanan bawah.
Setelah mengetahui tekanan darah, pasti Anda ingin mengetahui apakah tekanan darah Anda termasuk rendah, normal atau tinggi. Berikut ini penggolongan tekanan darah berdasarkan angka hasil pengukuran dengan tensimeter untuk tekanan sistolik dan diastolik:
Tekanan Darah Sistolik (angka pertama) Diastolik (angka kedua)
Darah rendah atau hipotensi Di bawah 90 Di bawah 60
Normal 90 - 120 60 - 80
Pre-hipertensi 120 - 140 80 - 90
Darah tinggi atau hipertensi (stadium 1) 140 - 160 90 - 100
Darah tinggi atau hipertensi (stadium 2 / berbahaya) Di atas 160 Di atas 100

Mengapa Tekanan Darah Meningkat?
Apa yang menyebabkan tekanan darah bisa meningkat? Sebagai ilustrasi, jika Anda sedang menyiram kebun dengan selang. Jika Anda menekan ujung selang, maka air yang keluar akan semakin kencang. Hal itu karena tekanan air meningkat ketika selang ditekan. Selain itu, jika Anda memperbesar keran air, maka aliran air yang melalui selang akan semakin kencang karena debit air yang meningkat.
Hal yang sama juga terjadi dengan darah Anda. Jika pembuluh darah Anda menyempit, maka tekanan darah di dalam pembuluh darah akan meningkat. Selain itu, jika jumlah darah yang mengalir bertambah, tekanan darah juga akan meningkat.

Penyebab Darah Tinggi
Ada beberapa hal yang bisa menyebabkan seseorang memiliki tekanan darah tinggi. Ada faktor penyebab tekanan darah tinggi yang tidak dapat Anda kendalikan. Ada juga yang dapat Anda kendalikan sehingga bisa mengatasi penyakit darah tinggi. Beberapa faktor tersebut antara lain:
Keturunan

Faktor ini tidak bisa Anda kendalikan. Jika seseorang memiliki orang-tua atau saudara yang memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, maka kemungkinan ia menderita tekanan darah tinggi lebih besar. Statistik menunjukkan bahwa masalah tekanan darah tinggi lebih tinggi pada kembar identik daripada yang kembar tidak identik. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada bukti gen yang diturunkan untuk masalah tekanan darah tinggi.
Usia

Faktor ini tidak bisa Anda kendalikan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seraya usia seseorang bertambah, tekanan darah pun akan meningkat. Anda tidak dapat mengharapkan bahwa tekanan darah Anda saat muda akan sama ketika Anda bertambah tua. Namun Anda dapat mengendalikan agar jangan melewati batas atas yang normal.
Garam

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Garam dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah dengan cepat pada beberapa orang, khususnya bagi penderita diabetes, penderita hipertensi ringan, orang dengan usia tua, dan mereka yang berkulit hitam.
Kolesterol

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Kandungan lemak yang berlebih dalam darah Anda, dapat menyebabkan timbunan kolesterol pada dinding pembuluh darah. Hal ini dapat membuat pembuluh darah menyempit dan akibatnya tekanan darah akan meningkat. Kendalikan kolesterol Anda sedini mungkin. Untuk tips mengendalikan kolesterol, silahkan lihat artikel berikut: kolesterol.
Obesitas / Kegemukan

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Orang yang memiliki berat badan di atas 30 persen berat badan ideal, memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar menderita tekanan darah tinggi.
Stres

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Stres dan kondisi emosi yang tidak stabil juga dapat memicu tekanan darah tinggi.
Rokok

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Merokok juga dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah menjadi tinggi. Kebiasan merokok dapat meningkatkan risiko diabetes, serangan jantung dan stroke. Karena itu, kebiasaan merokok yang terus dilanjutkan ketika memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, merupakan kombinasi yang sangat berbahaya yang akan memicu penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan dengan jantung dan darah.
Kafein

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Kafein yang terdapat pada kopi, teh maupun minuman cola bisa menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah.
Alkohol

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Konsumsi alkohol secara berlebihan juga menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi.
Kurang Olahraga

Faktor ini bisa Anda kendalikan. Kurang olahraga dan bergerak bisa menyebabkan tekanan darah dalam tubuh meningkat. Olahraga teratur mampu menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi Anda namun jangan melakukan olahraga yang berat jika Anda menderita tekanan darah tinggi.

Mencegah dan Mengatasi Darah Tinggi
Untuk mencegah darah tinggi bagi Anda yang masih memiliki tekanan darah normal ataupun mengatasi darah tinggi bagi Anda yang sudah memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, maka saran praktis berikut ini dapat Anda lakukan:
Kurangi konsumsi garam dalam makanan Anda. Jika Anda sudah menderita tekanan darah tinggi sebaiknya Anda menghindari makanan yang mengandung garam.
Konsumsi makanan yang mengandung kalium, magnesium dan kalsium. Kalium, magnesium dan kalsium mampu mengurangi tekanan darah tinggi.
Kurangi minum minuman atau makanan beralkohol. Jika Anda menderita tekanan darah tinggi, sebaiknya hindari konsumsi alkohol secara berlebihan. Untuk pria yang menderita hipertensi, jumlah alkohol yang diijinkan maksimal 30 ml alkohol per hari sedangkan wanita 15 ml per hari.
Olahraga secara teratur bisa menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. Jika Anda menderita tekanan darah tinggi, pilihlah olahraga yang ringan seperti berjalan kaki, bersepeda, lari santai, dan berenang. Lakukan selama 30 hingga 45 menit sehari sebanyak 3 kali seminggu.
Makan sayur dan buah yang berserat tinggi seperti sayuran hijau, pisang, tomat, wortel, melon, dan jeruk.
Jalankan terapi anti stres agar mengurangi stres dan Anda mampu mengendalikan emosi Anda.
Berhenti merokok juga berperan besar untuk mengurangi tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi.
Kendalikan kadar kolesterol Anda.
Kendalikan diabetes Anda.
Hindari obat yang bisa meningkatkan tekanan darah. Konsultasikan ke dokter jika Anda menerima pengobatan untuk penyakit tertentu, untuk meminta obat yang tidak meningkatkan tekanan darah.

Darah Tinggi dapat Dikendalikan
Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi bukan suatu penyakit yang tidak dapat dihilangkan. Anda bisa mengendalikannya dan mencegah darah tinggi.

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

High blood pressure or hypertension has become a common disease for many people now, especially for those living in urban areas. High blood pressure or hypertension became one of the factors in the cause of stroke, heart attack, and also kidney failure. And the worst result from this disease is death. Therefore, if able, this disease should be prevented. If you have high blood pressure, you can control this disease. How to prevent and control hypertension or hypertension?Blood PressureBefore discussing about high blood pressure or hypertension, it's good to know in advance about Your blood pressure. When you perform a physical examination or clinical examination to the doctor, there is usually a special tool used by doctors to check the blood pressure. A tool for checking blood pressure called sphigmomanometer or also known as tensimeter. There is digital and there is also the tensimeter tensimeter mercury which is still commonly used for clinical examination.Checking Blood PressureWhen checking the blood pressure, there are two numbers which are usually called such as 120/80. What are those numbers?SystolicThe first number (120) namely, systolic blood pressure, i.e., the pressure when the heart beat or beats (sistol). Often called the pressure up.DiastolicThe second figure (80) i.e. diastolic blood pressure, i.e., the pressure when the heart rests between pumping time. Often called the lower pressure.The doctor will do blood pressure checks with told you sit or lie down, therefore the best position to measure blood pressure. Then the doctor will usually bind sacs on the right arm there except at arm injury. After that, do the measurement of blood pressure. Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called the pulse.What is blood pressure? Blood pressure i.e. the pressure experienced by the blood on the arteries when the heart pumps blood to all the members by the human body. Blood pressure is created by taking two sizes and usually there are two numbers that will be called by the doctor. For example the doctor mentions the 140-90, then it is 140/90 mmHg. The first number (140) shows an upward pressure vessels due to very short pulses the heart artery or the heart beat or beats, and is called the systolic pressure or pressure is often called the top. The second figure (90) shows the pressure when the heart rests between pumping, and is called the diastolic pressure or also known as the lower pressure.After knowing the blood pressure, surely you want to know whether your blood pressure including low, normal or high. The following classification of blood pressure numbers based on measurement results with the tensimeter to systolic and diastolic pressure:Systolic blood pressure (the first number) Diastolic (second figure)Hypotension or low blood under 90 under 60A normal 90-120 60-80Pre-hypertension 120-140 80-90Or high blood hypertension (stage 1) 140-160 90-100Or high blood hypertension (stage 2/dangerous) above 160 over 100 Why Does Blood Pressure Increase?What causes blood pressure to be increased? As an illustration, if you're watering a garden with a hose. If you press the other end of the hose, then the water coming out will be more toned. It is because the water pressure increases when the hose is pressed. In addition, if you zoom in tap water, then water flow through the hose will be increasingly tightened due to increased water discharge.The same thing also happened with your blood. If your blood vessels are narrowed, then blood pressure in the blood vessels will increase. In addition, if the amount of blood flow increases, blood pressure will also increase. Causes Of High BloodThere are several things that can cause a person has high blood pressure. There are causes of high blood pressure that you can't control. There is also that you can control so that it can cope with high blood disease. Some of these factors include:The descendants ofThese factors You cannot control. If a person has a parent or sibling who has high blood pressure, then it is likely he was suffering from high blood pressure. Statistics show that the problem of high blood pressure is higher on the identical twins than twins not identical. A study shows that there is evidence that genes are passed down to the problem of high blood pressure.The age ofThese factors You cannot control. Research shows that while a person's age increases, blood pressure will rise. You can't expect that your blood pressure when young will be the same when you get older. But you can control so that do not pass through the upper limit of normal.SaltThese factors you can control. Salt can raise blood pressure in some people with fast, especially for diabetics, mild hypertension sufferers, people with old age, and they are black.CholesterolThese factors you can control. The excess fat content in your blood, it can cause a build-up of cholesterol in the blood vessel walls. This can make a narrows blood vessels and blood pressure will rise as a result. Control your cholesterol as early as possible. Tips for controlling cholesterol, please see the following articles: cholesterol.Obesity/OverweightThese factors you can control. People who have weight on top of the 30 percent of the ideal body weight, have a greater likelihood of suffering from high blood pressure.StressThese factors you can control. Stress and the condition of unstable emotions may also trigger high blood pressure.SmokingThese factors you can control. Smoking can also increase blood pressure becomes high. The customs of smoking can increase the risk of diabetes, heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, the habit of smoking which continued when having high blood pressure, is a very dangerous combination which will trigger diseases relating to the heart and blood.CaffeineThese factors you can control. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea or cola drinks can cause an increase in blood pressure.AlcoholThese factors you can control. Excessive consumption of alcohol also causes high blood pressure.Lack Of ExerciseThese factors you can control. Lack of exercise and the move could cause the blood pressure in the body increases. Regular exercise is able to lower Your high blood pressure but do not do heavy exercise if you suffer from high blood pressure. Preventing and Tackling high bloodTo prevent high blood for those of you who still have normal blood pressure or tackling high blood for those who already have high blood pressure, then the following practical suggestions you can do:Reduce the consumption of salt in your food. If you already suffer from high blood pressure, you should avoid foods that contain salt.The consumption of foods containing potassium, magnesium and calcium. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are capable of reducing high blood pressure.Reduce drinking alcoholic beverages or food. If you suffer from high blood pressure, you should avoid excessive consumption of alcohol. For men who suffer from hypertension, the amount of alcohol allowed maximum 30 ml of alcohol per day while the women 15 ml per day.Regular exercise can lower high blood pressure. If you suffer from high blood pressure, please choose a mild exercise such as walking, cycling, running, and swimming. Do it for 30 to 45 minutes a day as much as 3 times a week.Eat vegetables and fruits high in fiber such as green vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, carrots, melons, and oranges.Run the anti stress therapy in order to reduce stress and you are able to control your emotions.Quit smoking also plays a major role to reduce high blood pressure or hypertension.Control your cholesterol levels.Control your diabetes.Avoid drugs that can increase blood pressure. Consult a doctor if you receive treatment for specific diseases, to ask for a drug that does not increase blood pressure. High blood can be controlledHigh blood pressure or hypertension is not a disease that cannot be eliminated. You can control it and prevent high blood.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

High blood pressure or hypertension has become a common disease for many people today, especially for those living in urban areas. High blood pressure or hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure. And the worst consequences of this disease is death. Therefore, if you can, this disease should be prevented. If you have high blood pressure, you can control the disease. How to prevent and control high blood pressure or hypertension?
Blood Pressure
Before discussing about high blood pressure, or hypertension, you should know beforehand about blood pressure. When you perform a physical examination or clinical examination to the doctor, there is usually a special tool used by doctors to check blood pressure. Tools to check blood pressure sphigmomanometer or also known as tensimeter. There is a digital tensimeter and there is also tensimeter mercury are still commonly used for clinical examination.
Checking Blood Pressure
When checking blood pressure, there are two numbers that are usually referred for example 120/80. What are these numbers?
Systolic The first number (120) is the systolic blood pressure, is the pressure when the heart beats or beats (systole). Often called top pressure. Diastolic second number (80) is the diastolic blood pressure, is the pressure when the heart is at rest between the time pumping. Often referred under pressure. Your doctor will do blood pressure checks by having you sit or lie down, because it is the best position to measure blood pressure. Then the doctor will usually bind to the air sacs in the right arm on the arm unless there is an injury. After that, measurement of blood pressure. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called pulse pressure. What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is the pressure experienced by the blood in the arteries when blood is pumped by the heart to all members of the human body. Blood pressure created by taking two measurements and usually there are two numbers that will be called by the doctor. For example doctors call 140-90, then the meaning is 140/90 mmHg. The first number (140) shows the upward pressure of the arteries due to pulsation of the heart or at the time the heart beats, or beating, and is called the systolic pressure, or pressure is often called upon. The second number (90) shows the pressure when the heart is at rest between pumping, and is called the diastolic pressure, or often called under pressure. Once you know your blood pressure, you definitely want to know if your blood pressure is low, normal or high. The following blood pressure classification based on the number of measurement results with tensimeter for systolic and diastolic pressure: Systolic blood pressure (the first number) Diastolic (the second number) Low blood or hypotension Under 90 Under 60 Normal 90-120 60-80 Pre-hypertension 120 - 140 80-90 High blood pressure or hypertension (stage 1) 140-160 90-100 High blood pressure or hypertension (stage 2 / dangerous) Above 160 Above 100 Why Blood Pressure Rises? What causes blood pressure to rise? As an illustration, if you're watering the garden with a hose. If you press the end of the hose, the water that comes out will be faster. That's because the water pressure increases when the hose is pressed. Additionally, if you zoom in tap water, the water flows through the hose will be faster because of increased water discharge. The same thing happens with your blood. If your blood vessels constrict, the blood pressure in the blood vessels will increase. In addition, if the amount of blood flow increases, blood pressure will also increase. Cause High Blood There are several things that can cause a person has high blood pressure. There are factors causing the high blood pressure that you can not control. There is also that you can control so that it can cope with high blood pressure. Some of these factors include: Heredity factors you can not control. If someone has a parent or sibling who has high blood pressure, then it is likely he suffered from high blood pressure is greater. Statistics show that the problem of high blood pressure is higher in identical twins than identical twins. A study shows that there is evidence derived genes for high blood pressure problems. Age This factor can not control. Research shows that as people grow older, the blood pressure will increase. You can not expect that your blood pressure when young will be the same when you get older. But you can control so as not to pass through the upper limit of normal. Salt These factors can you control. Salt can increase blood pressure quickly in some people, especially for diabetics, people with mild hypertension, people with old age, and those who were black. Cholesterol These factors can you control. Excess fat content in your blood, it can cause cholesterol deposits on the walls of blood vessels. It can make blood vessels constrict and consequently the blood pressure will rise. Control your cholesterol as early as possible. For tips on controlling cholesterol, please see the following articles: cholesterol. Obesity / Overweight These factors can you control. People who weigh over 30 percent ideal body weight, are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure. Stress These factors can you control. Stress and emotionally unstable conditions can also trigger high blood pressure. Smoking These factors can you control. Smoking can also increase blood pressure becomes high. Smoking habits may increase the risk of diabetes, heart attack and stroke. Therefore, smoking habit which continued when having high blood pressure, is a very dangerous combination that will trigger diseases related to heart and blood. Caffeine These factors can you control. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea and cola drinks can lead to increased blood pressure. Alcohol These factors can you control. Excessive alcohol consumption also causes high blood pressure. Less Sport These factors can you control. Lack of exercise and movement can cause the blood pressure in the body increases. Regular exercise can lower your high blood pressure but do not do heavy exercise if you suffer from high blood pressure. Preventing and Overcoming High Blood To prevent high blood pressure for those who still have normal blood pressure or high blood pressure for those who already have high blood pressure , the following practical suggestions you can do: Reduce consumption of salt in your food. If you are already suffering from high blood pressure should avoid foods that contain salt. Consumption of foods containing potassium, magnesium and calcium. Potassium, magnesium and calcium can reduce high blood pressure. Reduce drinking alcoholic beverages or food. If you suffer from high blood pressure, should avoid excessive alcohol consumption. For men who suffer from hypertension, the amount of alcohol is permitted a maximum of 30 ml of alcohol per day while women 15 ml per day. Regular exercise can reduce high blood pressure. If you suffer from high blood pressure, choose light exercise such as walking, cycling, running relaxed, and swimming. Do it for 30 to 45 minutes a day 3 times a week. Eat vegetables and fruits that are high in fiber such as green vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, carrots, melons, and oranges. Run anti-stress therapy to reduce stress and you are able to control your emotions. Stop smoking also contribute to reduce high blood pressure or hypertension. Control your cholesterol levels. Take control of your diabetes. Avoid drugs that can increase blood pressure. Consult your doctor if you are receiving treatment for certain diseases, to ask for drugs that do not increase blood pressure. Hypertension can be controlled high blood pressure or hypertension is not a disease that can not be eliminated. You can control and prevent high blood pressure.