Arti pengukuran Pengukuran adalah b

Arti pengukuran
Pengukuran adalah bagian dari Keterampilan Proses Sains yang merupakan pengumpulan informasi baik secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dengan melakukan pengukuran, dapat diperoleh besarnya atau nilai suatu besaran atau bukti kualitatif. Dalam pembelajaran sains Fisika, seorang pendidik tidak hanya menyampaikan kumpulan fakta fakta saja tetapi seharusnya mengajarkan sains sebagai proses (menggunakan pendekatan proses ). Oleh karena itu, melakukan percobaan atau eksperimen dalam sains Fisika sangat penting. Melakukan percobaan dalam laboratorium, berarti sengaja membangkitkan gejala gejala alam kemudian melakukan pengukuran
Ketepatan dan Ketelitian Pengukuran
Ketepatan (keakuratan). Jika suatu besaran diukur beberapa kali (pengukuran berganda)dan menghasilkan harga-harga yang menyebar disekitar harga yang sebenarnya maka pengukuran dikatakan akurat.Ketelitian (kepresisian).Jika hasil-hasil pengukuran terpusat disuatu daerah tertentu maka pengukuran disebut presisi (harga pengukuran tidak jauh berbeda).

Ketidakpastian Pengukuran
Ketidakpastian (kesalahan) bersistem akan menyebabkan hasil yang diperoleh menyimpang dari hasil sebenarnya. Sumber-sumber ketidakpastian bersistem ini antara lain :
a. Kesalahan kalibrasi alat; dapat diketahui dengan membandingkannya dengan alat lain.
b. Kesalahan titik nol (KTN)
c. Kerusakan komponen alat, misalnya pegas yang telah lama dipakai sehingga tidak elastis lagi
d. Gesekan
e. Kesalahan paralaks
f. Kesalahan karena keadaan saat bekerja, kondisi alat pada saat dikalibrasi berbeda dengan kondisi pada saat alat bekerja.

Ketidakpastian Rambang (acak)
Kesalahan ini bersumber dari gejala yang tidak mungkin dikendalikan atau diatasi berupa perubahan yang berlangsung sangat cepat sehingga pengontrolan dan pengaturan diluar kemampuan. Sumber-sumber ketidakpastian acak ini antara lain;
a. Kesalahan menaksir bagian skala
b. Keadaan yang berfluktuasi, artinya keadaan yang berubah cepat terhadap waktu.
c. Gerak acak molekul-molekul udara. Gerak ini mengakibatkan penunjukan jarum dari alat ukur yang sangat halus mnjadi terganggu.
d. Landasan yang bergetar
e. Bising (noise), gangguan pada alat elektronik yang berupa fluktuasi yang cepat pada tegangan karena komponen alat yang meningkat temperature kerjanya.
f. Radiasi latar belakang seperti radiasi kosmos dari angkasa luar.

Analisis Ketidakpastian Pengukuran
Suatu pengukuran selalu disertai dengan ketidakpastian.Beberapa penyebab ketidakpastian tersebut antara lain adalah NST (nilai skala terkecil), kesalahan kalibrasi, kesalahan titik nol, kesalahan paralaks, adanya gesekan, fluktuasi parameter pengukuran dan lingkungan yang saling memengaruhi serta keterampilan pengamat.

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

The meaning of the measurement Measurement is a part of the science Process Skills which is a collection of information both quantitative and qualitative. By doing the measurements, the magnitude can be obtained or the value of a quantity or qualitative evidence. Science learning in physics, an educator not only convey the facts alone but should teach science as a process (using a process approach). Therefore, experiment or experiments in the science of physics is very important. Doing experiments in the laboratory, means intentionally evokes the natural symptoms symptoms then make measurementsThe accuracy and thoroughness of measurementAccuracy (accuracy). If a quantity measured multiple times (double measurement) and produce prices that spread around the actual price then the measurement is said to be accurate.Accuracy (accuracy).If centralized measurement results within a certain area then called precision measurement (measurement of the price is not much different).Measurement UncertaintyUncertainty (error) system will cause the results deviate from actual results. The sources of uncertainty in this system include:a. Errors of calibration tools; can be known by comparing it with other tools.b. zero point Error (KTN)c. damage to components of the tool, e.g. a spring that has been used so it is not elastic any mored. Frictione. Parallax Errorsf. Error due to circumstances, the condition of the tool while working at different conditions of calibrated at tools work.The uncertainty of the random (random)This error stems from symptoms that cannot be controlled or overcome a change which took place so quickly that the control and setting other than ability. Random uncertainty sources include;a. the error estimate the scaleb. conditions fluctuate, meaning the circumstances changed quickly over time.c. the random motion of the air molecules. This motion led to the appointment of a needle from a very fine gauge mnjadi disturbed.d. an fluttere. Noise (noise), disorders of the electronic device in the form of rapid fluctuations in the voltage due to the increased temperature tool component works.f. background radiation such as cosmic radiation from outer space.Analysis Of Measurement UncertaintyA measurement always accompanied by uncertainty.Some of the causes of that uncertainty, among others, are NST (the value of the smallest scale), calibration errors, errors of Parallax error, zero point, there was friction, measurement parameters and environmental fluctuations that affect each other as well as the skill of the observer.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Meaning measurement
Measurement is part of the Science Process Skills which is a collection of information, both quantitative and qualitative. By performing the measurement, can be obtained magnitude or value of a quantity or qualitative evidence. In Physics science learning, an educator not only deliver a collection of facts alone but should teach science as a process (process approach). Therefore, doing science experiments or experiments in Physics is very important. Conduct experiments in the laboratory, means deliberately evoke symptoms then take measurements of natural phenomena
Precision and Accuracy of Measurement
Accuracy (accuracy). If a quantity is measured several times (multiple measurements) and produce prices are spread around the actual price then said akurat.Ketelitian measurement (precision) .If centralized measurement results in a specified area then called the measurement precision (the price is not much different measurements ). Uncertainty Measurement Uncertainty (error) collection system will lead to the results obtained deviate from the actual results. Sources of uncertainty this collection system include: a. Error calibration tool; can be determined by comparing it with other devices. b. Zero point error (KTN) c. Damage to equipment components, such as springs that have been used so it is not elastic anymore d. Friction e. Parallax error f. Errors due to the current state of the work, when the instrument is calibrated conditions different from the conditions at the time the tool works. The uncertainty of a Random (random) This error comes from the symptoms that may not be controlled or overcome such changes are so rapid that beyond the means of controlling and regulating. Sources of uncertainty include random; a. Error estimate the scale part b. Fluctuating state, meaning that the rapidly changing circumstances of the time. c. Random motion of air molecules. This motion resulted in the appointment of the gauge needle is very fine concentrated disturbed. d. The foundation of a vibrating e. Noise (noise), interference with the electronic device in the form of rapid fluctuations in voltage due to component tool increasing its temperature. f. Background radiation such as cosmic radiation from outer space. Measurement Uncertainty Analysis A measure is always accompanied by ketidakpastian.Beberapa cause of these uncertainties include NST (smallest scale value), calibration error, zero-point error, parallax error, friction, fluctuations in measurement parameters and the environment affect each other as well as the skill of the observer.