Democracy is a form or a country's system of government mechanisms in an effort to realize the people's sovereignty (citizen power) over the country to be run by the Government of that country.One of the cornerstones of democracy is the principle of the trias politica that divides the country's third political power (Executive, judiciary and legislative branches) to be embodied in three kinds of State agencies are off (independent) and is within the ranks that parallel each other. Alignment and the independence of the third type of State agencies is necessary in order for the third-country institutions could mutually supervise and control based on the principle of checks and balances.The third type of State institutions are government institutions that have authority to embody and carry out executive authority, the institutions authorized Court organizes the judicial power and the institutions of the people's representatives (DPR, to Indonesia) who have the authority to run the legislative power. Under this system, the legislative decisions made by the community or by representatives who must work and act according to the aspirations of the community it represents (constituents) and selecting them through a process of legislative elections, in addition to the appropriate laws and regulations.In addition to the legislative elections, many decisions or outcomes are important, such as a country's presidential election, gained through the elections. The general election is not mandatory or not must be followed by all citizens, but by some residents who are eligible and voluntarily following the elections. In addition, not all citizens are entitled to vote (with voting rights).Popular sovereignty in question here is not only the sovereignty in the sense of choosing the President or members of Parliament directly, but in a broader sense. A presidential election or members of Parliament directly does not guarantee these countries as democracies because popular sovereignty directly choose their own President is just a few of the many popular sovereignty. Although his role in the democratic system is not great, an election is often called a party democracy. This is due to the old way of thinking from some people who are still too high, not the idol figures put a system of Government which is nice, as the dream of the Queen of the fair. But as soon as anything was a leader of the country, his life will be much shorter than the life of a system that has been tested is capable of building a State. Many countries democracy only give voting rights to citizens who have passed a certain age, for example the age of 18, and who do not have criminal records (e.g., prisoners or former prisoners). The history and development of democracyThe term "democracy" is derived from Ancient Greece that precisely articulated in ancient Athens in the 5th century BC, the country is considered an early example of a system that is related to the law of modern democracy. However, the meaning of the term has changed with time, and the modern definition has evolved since the 18th century, simultaneously with the development of the system of "democracy" in many countries.The word "democracy" is derived from two words, namely demos meaning people, and kratos/cratein which means the Government, so that it can be interpreted as the people's Government, or better known to us as the Government of the people, by the people and for the people. The concept of democracy into a separate keyword in the field of political science. This is because democracy is currently touted as an indicator of a country's political development.Democracy was vital in terms of power-sharing in a country are generally based on the concept and principle of the trias politica with State power derived from the people also should be used for the welfare and prosperity of the people.The principle of this kind of Triassic politica became very important to taken into account when the facts of history records the Government (Executive) power is so great it turns out not to be able to establish a just and civilized society, even the absolute powers of the Government often gives rise to a violation of human rights.Similarly excessive powers in other State agencies, such as the excessive powers of the legislature to determine on its own budget for salaries and allowances of its members without regard to the aspirations of the people, will not bring goodness to the people.Essentially, each agency must not only nation accountable (accountable), but there should be a formal mechanism that embodies the accountability of State institutions and mechanisms is capable of operationally (not just in theory) limit the powers of the institutions of the country.Democracy, in the sense of classic, first appeared in the 5th century BC in Greece. At that time the implementation of democracy is done directly, in terms of people gather at a certain place in order to discuss the various problems of the Union. While the democracy in the modern sense first appeared in America. The concept of a modern democracy is largely influenced by great thinkers such as Marx, Hegel, Alexis de Tocqueville and Montesquieu. Given the growing countries in General, automatically increasing the breadth of the State and causing a large number of its citizens as well as the increasing complexity of State Affairs, led to the people's aspirations of the guardianship, which is also referred to as indirect democracy.Democracy ClassicsThe classic form of democracies born out of thought flow known holds a tree classification of partite state differentiates the three countries form the ideal form, known as form kalsik-traditional country. Adherents of this flow is Plato, Aristotle, Polybius and Thomas Aquino.Plato in his doctrine States that the form of democracy, power is in the hands of sehingaa public interest (the interest of the people) preferred. In principle, the people of freedom and independence. But then people lose control, people just want to govern itself and not regulated resulting in things get messed up, which is called the anarchy. Aristotle's own democracy as mendefiniskan deviation of the interests of the people as representatives of the public interest. According to Polybius, the democracy trust was created by the power of the people. In principle the concept of democracy expressed by Polybius is similar to the concept of the teachings of Plato. While Thomas Aquino to understand democracy as a form of Government by the people whose significance is for yourself.Modern DemocracyThere are three types of modern democracy, namely:Representative democracy with presidential systemIn this system there is a strict separation between the body and the legislative and executive functions. The Executive Board comprises a President, Vice-President and the Minister assisting the President in running the Government. In relation to the people's representative body (legislature), the Minister does not have a relationship with the legislature of accountability. Accountability the Minister handed over entirely to the President. The President and the Ministers cannot be dismissed by the legislature.Representative democracy with a parliamentary systemThis system describes the relation between the eksektif and the legislature. The Executive Board consists of the head of State and the Cabinet (Council of Ministers), while the legisletafnya body called Parliament. Who is responsible for the implementation of the Government's power was so discretion determined Government Cabinet also by him. The head of State is merely a symbol of power but has the right to dissolve Parliament.Representative democracy with a system of referendums (working body)In this system there is no Division and separation of powers. It can be seen from its own system in which the Executive AGENCY is part of the legislature. The executive body is called the bundesrat, which is part of the bundesversammlung (legislative) comprising the nationalrat-national representative body-and standerat that is representative of the States that are called cantons.Based on the results of research conducted by the American Institute of Public Opinion against the 10 countries with the best of them, namely the Government of Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Japan in the last position, it can be inferred that the traits of democracy (modern), namely the existence of universal suffrage, Government representatives, political parties are competing, the groups concerned had autonomy and public communication systems, the frequency of high literacy, economic development forward, the size of the medium.
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