A. Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh bawaan :K

A. Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh bawaan :
Kekebalan bawaan merupakan potensi yang terdapat dari dalam tubuh sendiri. Kekebalan ini ada sejak manusia dilahirkan. Kekebalan bawaan meliputi Perlindungan yang diberikan oleh kulit dan membran mukosa, antara lain sebagai berikut :
1. Perlindungan permukaan
• Kulit selalu mengelupas secara periodik dan menghasilkan minyak yang bersifat asam yang dapat membunuh kuman. Kulit yang utuh merupakan pertahanan terluar untuk mencegah masuknya bibit penyakit ke dalam tubuh. Dalam kulit manusia normal selalu terdapat bakteri Stophyloccis pyogenes. Selama kulit tidak mengelupas oleh luka atau lecet maka bakteri ini tidak akan menimbulkan penyakit.
• Kelenjar air mata mengeluarkan lisosim yang dapat menghancurkan bibit penyakit yang menempel pada mata.
• Keasaman pada vagina dan urin akan menghambat pertumbuhan bibit penyakit tertentu.
• Lambung memproduksi asam lambung (HCl) untuk membunuh kuman-kuman yang masuk pada makanan.
• Gerakan peristaltik pada usus mendorong bibit penyakit yang ada di dalam usus segera keluar bersama feses.
• Gerak rambat getar, pengeluaran lendir pada saluran pernapasan dan refleks batuk dapat mencegah masuknya bibit penyakit dari debu ke dalam paru-paru.
2. Kekebalan dalam tubuh :
Dengan pertahanan pada kulit dan membran mukosa yang sudah dijelaskan pada uraian di atas maka kuman akan mati dan tidak berhasil masuk ke dalam tubuh. Namun, apabila dalam hal ini kuman masih dapat lolos melewati kulit dan membran mukosa maka tubuh memiliki pertahanan yang lain, yaitu kekebalan dari dalam tubuh yang disebut pertahanan nonspesifik. Pertahanan ini dilakukan oleh sel darah putih (leukosit) yang akan mematikan segala jenis mikroba yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Leukosit memiliki sifat fagositosis, yaitu memakan kuman penyakit yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Leukosit yang berperan adalah sel PMN (plymorpho nuclear), monosit, makrofag, dan limfosit.
B. Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh adaftif :
Kekebalan adaptif dapat disebut juga kekebalan spesifik karena kekebalan ini mampu mengenali dan mengingat patogen spesifik. Pertahanan ini dilakukan oleh antibodi dan antitoksin yang dapat menahan serangan bibit penyakit, baik sel mikronya maupun toksin yang dihasilkan oleh bibit penyakit tersebut. Daya kerja zat anti ini sangat spesifik, misalnya antibodi untuk menahan Mycobacterium tuberculosis tidak dapat menahan serangan Bacillus anthracis. Antitoksin tetanus juga dapat digunakan untuk mencegah serangan dipteri. Pertahanan spesifik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari disebut sebagai kekebalan tubuh (imunitas).

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

A. the innate immune system:Innate immunity is the potential that exists from within the body itself. This immunity exists since man is born. Innate immunity includes the protection afforded by the skin and mucous membranes, such as the following:1. surface Protection• Skin peeling off periodically and always produce acidic oil that can kill germs. The skin is the outermost defense intact to prevent entry of seedling disease into the body. In normal human skin there is always Stophyloccis pyogenes bacteria. During the skin is not peeling off by cuts or abrasions so bacteria will not cause disease.• Tear Glands secrete lisosim that can destroy the disease germ stuck to the eye.• The acidity of the vagina and the urine will inhibit the growth of seedlings of certain diseases.• Producing Gastric stomach acid (HCl) to kill germs that get in on the food.• Peristaltic movement of the intestine pushes on seedling disease in the intestines out soon joint stool.• Expenses rambat vibrating Motion, mucus in the respiratory tract and cough reflex can prevent entry of seed diseases from dust into the lungs.2. Immunity in the body:With the defense on the skin and mucous membranes that are already described in the blurb above then the germs will die and not managed to get into the body. However, if in this case the germs can still qualify past the skin and mucous membranes of the body has a defense to the other, i.e. immunity from in the body called non defense. The defense was done by white blood cells (leukocytes) that will turn off all kinds of microbes that enter into the body. Leukocytes possess phagocytosis, that ate the diseases germs that get into the body. The role of leukocytes is a cell (plymorpho nuclear), monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes.B. the immune system adaftif:Adaptive immunity can be also referred to specific immunity because immunity is able to recognize and remember specific pathogens. The defence was conducted by the antitoxin antibodies and can withstand the onslaught of the disease, good seedlings mikronya cells or toxins produced by seeds of the disease. Work power substance anti this very specific, such as antibodies to withstand Mycobacterium tuberculosis could not resist the attacks of Bacillus anthracis. Tetanus antitoxin may also be used to prevent attacks of dipteri. Specific defence in everyday life is referred to as immune system (immune system).

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

A. Immune System default:
innate immunity is the potential contained in the body of its own. This immunity existed since human beings are born. Innate immunity includes the protection afforded by the skin and mucous membranes, among others, the following:
1. Surface protection
• Skin peeling always periodically and produce acidic oil that can kill germs. Intact skin is an outer defense to prevent the entry of germs into the body. In normal human skin is always there Stophyloccis pyogenes bacteria. During peeling skin by cuts or abrasions then these bacteria will not cause illness.
• tear glands secrete lysozyme can destroy the germs that stick to the eye.
• The acidity of the vagina and urinary will inhibit the growth of certain germs.
• Gastric produce stomach acid (HCl) to kill the germs that enter the food.
• peristaltic movement of the intestine pushing existing germs in the gut immediately come out with feces.
• Motion propagation of vibration, mucus in the respiratory tract and cough reflex can prevent the entry of germs from dust into the lungs.
2. Immunity in the body:
In defense of the skin and mucous membranes already described in the description above, the bacteria will die and did not make it into the body. However, if in this case the bacteria still can pass through the skin and the mucous membranes of the body has a defense the other, the immunity of the body known as nonspecific defense. The defense made ​​by white blood cells (leukocytes) that will kill all kinds of microbes that enter the body. Leukocyte phagocytosis properties, namely eating germs that enter the body. Leukocytes whose role is PMN cells (plymorpho nuclear), monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
B. Immune System adaftif:
adaptive immunity also called specific immunity because immunity is able to recognize and remember specific pathogens. This is done by the defense and antitoxin antibodies that can withstand the attack of germs, both micro cells and toxins produced by these germs. Working power of this highly specific antibodies, such as antibodies to withstand Mycobacterium tuberculosis can not withstand the attacks of Bacillus anthracis. Tetanus antitoxin may also be used to prevent diphtheria attacks. Specific defenses in everyday life called immune (immunity).