Cognitive psychology is the study of the scientific study of mental processes or the mind (
the scientific study of mental processes or activities
). How the information is obtained, presented and transformed as knowledge. Cognitive psychology is also called information processing psychology.
• Theory of cognitive psychology developed marked the birth of Gestalt theory (MexWeitheimer in Germany) who stated that the experience was formed in a structured whole. A problem can be understood when viewed as a whole, not in separate Elemental-elements. Laws of Gestalt Theory 1. Proximity Principle (Proximity) visual objects appearing in located adjacent to or in conjunction of time it tends to be perceived as a single entity. Dangaris letters are located adjacent to each other will be perceived as a single entity. 2. The principle of similarity (Similarity) visual objects that have the same or similar structures, tend to be perceived or seen as a whole (group). 3. Principle Unidirectional (Direction) visual objects tend to be perceived as a single unit if located within a one-way view. 4. Closure Principle (clusure) Elements object or incomplete stimulus tends to be viewed in full. 5. Pragnan Principles of Cognitive Learning Theory • cognitive learning theory more emphasis on learning is a process that occurs within the human mind. As also revealed by Winkel (1996: 53) that "Learning is a mental or psychic activity that takes place in an active interaction with the environment that results in changes in the understanding of knowledge, skills and attitude values. • In the perspective of this study, in principle, is a mental event , not an event behavioral, although things seem more real behavioral attitude in almost every student's learning activities. Lewin Based on Gestalt theory, Lewin developed a theory of learning based on the Life Space (World psikologisdari individual's life). Each individual is in the field of psychological strength, the field called Life Space which consists of two elements, namely social.Jadi personality and psychology, behavior is the result of interaction between strength, both from within the individual, such as goals, needs, mental stress, as well as from outside the individual, such as the challenges and problems faced. According to this theory of learning that takes place as a result of changes in the structure kognitif.Perubahan cognitive structure that is the result of the meeting of the two forces, which is derived from the cognitive structure of the field itself and the other comes from the internal needs and motivations of individuals. Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget ) In theory, he considers that the activity of thinking as a gradual process of intellectual function from the concrete to the abstract is melting • Assimilation of new information into existing cognitive structures. • Accommodation is the change that occurs in a cognitive structure in order to accommodate new information. • equilibration is the mechanism used to explain how the child moves from one stage of thought to the next stage of thinking. Stages of development (Muhibbin Shah, M. Ed) • Sensory-motor (0-2 years) • Pre-operational (2-7 years) • Operational concrete (7-11 years) • Formal Operational (11- adult) concrete thinking. Biggs & Collis 5 modes expressed by Biggs and Collis: Sensorimotor 1.Mode Focus attention on this mode is the physical environment around the child. Children develop the ability to coordinate and organize their interaction with the surrounding environment. 2. Iconic Mode In this mode symbols and images are used to represent the elements obtained in the sensorimotor mode. 3. Concrete Symbolic mode In this mode the child has "exchange" in the process of abstraction. They began to represent the physical world through oral language into written form, which is a symbol system that they will use in their lives in the world. 4. Formal mode In this mode the emphasis is on the ability of a person's ability to construct a theory without the help of an example of concrete objects. 5. Post Fashion Formal Presence mode is more emphasis on the formulation of hypotheses deductively from theory development based on empirical evidence.
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