Development and Survival. Developme

Development and Survival. Developmental stage
durations varied inversely with temperature regime
(i.e., average daily temperature) (Table 2). Egg, larval,
and pupal stages of all 3 species were markedly
longer at 24:138C than those reared at other temperature
regimes. C. capitata had the highest median
survivorship (lx) at every immature stage in every
temperature chamber, with its maximum at 24:138C
(Table 3). Median survivorship values through the
adult stage are presented in Fig. 1 aÐc. At the pupal
stage, survivorship of both Bactrocera spp. was below
50% at 35:248C. B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis were
longer lived than C. capitata.
Reproductive Parameters. Preoviposition periods
varied signiÞcantly with temperature regime (F 5
44.32; df 5 3, 47; P 5 0.0001) and species (F 5 30.68;
df 5 2, 47; P 5 0.0001) (Table 4). Preoviposition
periods at 24:138C were signiÞcantly longer than at
248C. At the latter temperature, preoviposition periods
were signiÞcantly longer than those at 29:18 and 35:
248C, which were not signiÞcantly different. The preoviposition
period for C. capitata was signiÞcantly
shorter than those for both Bactrocera spp., which
were not signiÞcantly different.
Gross fecundity varied signiÞcantly with temperature
regime (F 5 9.16; df 5 3, 47; P 5 0.0001) and

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

Development and Survival. Developmental stagedurations are varied inversely with temperature regime(i.e., average daily temperature) (Table 2). Egg, larval,and pupal stages of all three species were markedlylonger at 24:138C than those reared at other temperatureregimes. C. capitata had the highest mediansurvivorship (lx) at every immature stage in everytemperature chamber, with its maximum at 24:138C(Table 3). Survivorship median values through theadult stage are presented in Fig. 1 aÐc. At the pupalstage, survivorship of both Bactrocera spp. was below50% at 35:248C. B. cucurbitae and b. dorsalis wereshort-lived longer than c. capitata.Reproductive Parameters. Preoviposition periodssigniÞcantly varied with temperature regime (F 544.32; DF 5 3, 47; 5 p 0.0001) and species (F 5 30.68;DF 2 5, 47; 5 p 0.0001) (Table 4). Preovipositionperiods as at 24:138C were signiÞcantly longer than at248C. At the latter temperature, preoviposition periodssigniÞcantly were longer than those at 29:18 and 35:248C, which were not signiÞcantly different. The preovipositionperiod for c. capitata was signiÞcantlyshorter than those for both Bactrocera spp., whichwere not signiÞcantly different.Gross fecundity signiÞcantly varied with temperatureregime (F 5 9.16; df 5 3, 47; 5 p 0.0001) and

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Development and Survival. Developmental stage
durations varied inversely with temperature regime
(ie, average daily temperature) (Table 2). Egg, larval,
and pupal stages of all three species were markedly
longer at 24: 138C Reviews those reared at other than temperature
regimes. C. capitata had the highest median
survivorship (lx) at every immature stage in every
temperature chamber, with its maximum at 24: 138C
(Table 3). Median values ​​survivorship through the
adult stage are presented in Fig. 1 ADC. At the pupal
stage, survivorship of both Bactrocera spp. was below
50% at 35: 248C. B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis were
longer-lived than C. capitata.
Reproductive Parameters. Preoviposition periods
varied with temperature regime signiÞcantly (F 5
44.32; df 5 3, 47; P 5 0.0001) and species (F 5 30.68;
df 5 2, 47; P 5 0.0001) (Table 4). Preoviposition
periods at 24: 138C signiÞcantly were longer than at
248C. At the latter temperature, preoviposition periods
were longer than signiÞcantly Reviews those at 29:18 and 35:
248C, the which were not signiÞcantly different. The preoviposition
period for C. capitata was signiÞcantly
shorter than Reviews those for both Bactrocera spp., The which
were not signiÞcantly different.
Gross signiÞcantly fecundity varied with temperature
regime (F 5 9:16; df 5 3, 47; P 5 0.0001) and