Nursing
A. Definition of Nursing
At a national workshop in 1983 agreed understanding of nursing as follows, nursing is a professional service which is an integral part of health care based on nursing science and troubleshooting, in the form of service of bio-psycho-socio-spiritual Comprehensive aimed at individuals, groups and the public good sick or healthy that covers the entire process of human life.
Florence Nightingale (1895) defines nursing as follows, nursing is to put the patient in the best conditions for nature and its contents to act.
Calista Roy (1976) defines nursing a scientific definition oriented nursing practice which has a set of knowledge to provide services to clients.
From the definition above can be concluded that nursing is the relief efforts pelaynan / care that is both humanistic and professional, holistic based science and troubleshooting, service standards to cling to a code of ethics that underlie professional nurses independently through collaborative efforts. B. Nurses Definition Definition of nurses according to Law No. 23 year 1992 about health, nurses are those who have the ability and authority to nursing action based on his knowledge gained through nursing education. Taylor C. Lillis C. Lemone (1989) defines a person's nurse is someone who plays a role in caring for or maintain, helping to protect someone because of illness, injury, and the aging process. The definition of nurses by ICN (International Council of Nursing) in 1965, a nurse is a person who has completed a nursing education are eligible as well as authorities in the countries concerned to provide nursing services responsible for improving health, disease prevention and care of sick people. C. Trends in Nursing After 2000, various world nations, especially Indonesia entered the era of globalization, in 2003 the era of the commencement of the ASEAN free market where many professionals exit and entry into the country. At the time it started happening a transition / shift patterns of traditional community life turned into an advanced society. Circumstances that cause various effects on particular aspects of community life both in the form of health aspects of the problem of urbanization, pollution, accidents, in addition to the increasing incidence of the classical diseases associated with infection, malnutrition, and lack of healthy living for the population. Shifting patterns of values in the family, and life expectancy increased also cause health problems associated with the elderly as well as degenerative diseases. In the society towards a modern, there is increased opportunity to improve higher education, income generation, increasing public awareness against the law and make people more critical. Conditions that affect the health service where people are critical and require quality services provided by the professional staff. This situation implies that health professionals, especially nursing can meet global standards internationally in providing health care / nursing, have professional skills, intellectual ability and technique as well as sensitive to the socio-cultural aspects, have extensive knowledge and control of the development of science and technology. However, efforts to realize professional nurses in Indonesia is still not encouraging, many factors can cause the low role of professional nurses, among others: 1. Keterlambangatan recognition body of knowledge of the nursing profession. 1985 S1 nursing education was first opened in the UI, whereas in western countries in 1869. 2. Delays in the development of professional nursing education. 3. Nursing care system delay, (standard, form of nursing practice, licenses). Recognizing the role of the nursing profession is still low in the world of healthcare will have a negative impact on the quality of health services for the achievement of health goals "Health For All by 2010", then the solution that must be taken are: 1. Development of nursing education. Higher education system is very important in the development of nursing professional care, nursing technology development, professional development and continuing nursing education. Academy of Nursing is nursing education that produces professionals in the field of nursing care. Until now, this level is still laid out in terms of the teaching of human resources, land practices and educational support facilities and infrastructure. 2. Strengthening the system of professional nursing services Ministry of Health is currently preparing to registration, licensing, certification of nursing practice. Besides all the application of professional nursing practice model in providing nursing care must be taken to ensure the satisfaction of the consumer / client. 3. Completion of nursing organizations Organization nursing profession requires a rapid and dynamic changes and the ability to accommodate any individual interest in the interests of the organization and integrating it into a series of activities that can be perceived benefits. Restructuring the organization of nursing is the right choice to create a professional organization that is independent and able to support members through the quality assurance of performance and hope for a better future as well as increase. The commitment of nurses to provide nursing service quality either independently or through the collaboration with power Other health is very important in the realization of professional nursing services. The value of the underlying professional nursing practice can be grouped into: 1. Property Value Value of intellectual nursing practice consists of: a. Body of knowledge b. Education specialization c. Using knowledge in critical and creative thinking 2. Value moral commitment nursing care is given to the concept of altruistic, and pay attention to the code of ethics of nursing. According Beaucham & Walters (1989) professional services to the people requires integrity, commitment to moral and ethical responsibility. The moral aspect which should be the cornerstone of a nurse's behavior is: a. Beneficience Always seek melakuakn decision is made based on the best wishes and does not harm the client. (Johnstone, 1994) b. Fair not discriminate against clients based on religion, race, socio-cultural, economic circumstances and so on, but memperlakuakn clients as individuals who need assistance with uniqueness. C. Fidelity Behave caring (caring, affectionate feeling of wanting to help), always trying to keep promises, gives hope memadahi, moral commitment and attention to the spiritual needs of the client. D. Autonomy, control and responsibility lawsuit autonomy is the freedom and authority to act independently. Autonomy refers to control one's own life, which means that nurses have control over their functioning. Autonomy involves self-reliance, a willingness to take risks and responsibility and accountability for their own actions as well as regulatory and self-determinant. Control or direction has implications settings to something or someone. For the nursing profession, there must be authority to control the practice, assign roles, functions and responsibilities of members of the profession. Accountability means nurses responsible for any action dilakuakannya to clients.
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