Tokoh penting dalam konstruktivisme

Tokoh penting dalam konstruktivisme sosial adalah Vygotsky. Vygotsky yakin bahwa pembelajaran dapat berjalan baik apabila anak belajar menangani tugas-tugas yang belum dipelajarinya, tetapi tugas-tugas itu masih berada dalam jangkauan pemikiran mereka. Teori Vygotsky dalam pembelajaran menurut Tawil (2011:64) menekankan pada tiga prinsip yaitu sebagai berikut: 1). Daerah perkembangan terdekat menurut Vygotsky (Wertsch dalam Tawil. 2011: 64), disingkat ZPD (zone of proximal development) yaitu daerah diantara tingkat perkembangan aktual dan tingkat perkembangan potensial seseorang. 2). Pemagangan kognitif yaitu suatu proses bila seseorang yang sedang belajar tahap demi tahap memperoleh keahlian melalui interaksinya dengan orang yang lebih menguasai permasalahan yang sedang dipelajari. 3). Scaffolding. Sifat dari perkembangan kognitif adalah scaffolding. Menurut Vygotsky, scaffolding adalah pemberian sejumlah bantuan kepada seorang peserta didik selama tahap-tahap awal pembelajaran dan kemudian mengurangi bantuan tersebut dan memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik tersebut untuk mengambil alih tanggung jawab yang semakin besar segera setelah ia dapat melakukannya (Slavin dalam Tawil. 2011: 64-65).

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important figures in social constructivism is Vygotsky. Vygotsky believes that learning works best when children learn to handle the tasks that have not been studied, but the tasks were still within reach of their thought. Vygotsky's theory of learning by Tawil (2011:64) emphasize the three principles are as follows: 1).development of nearby areas by Vygotsky (Wertsch in Tawil. 2011: 64), abbreviated ZPD (zone of proximal development) is the area between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development of a person. 2).Cognitive apprenticeship is a process where a person who is learning step by step gaining expertise through interaction with the person in control of the issue being studied. 3). scaffolding. the nature of cognitive development is scaffolding. according to Vygotsky,scaffolding is the provision of assistance to a number of students during the early stages of learning and then reduce the effort and provide opportunities for the learners to take greater responsibility as soon as he can do it (Slavin in Tawil. 2011: 64-65 ).

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Important figures in social constructivism is Vygotsky. Vygotsky believed that learning can go well when a child learns to handle tasks that yet, but he had learned to the tasks that are still within reach of their thinking. Vygotsky's theory of learning according to Competed (2011: 64) emphasis on three principles, namely as follows: 1). The nearest developments according to Vygotsky (Competed in Wertsch. 2011: 64), abbreviated ZPD (zone of proximal development) that the actual level of development among regions and levels of development of individual potential. 2). Pemagangan which is a cognitive process when someone is being gradually gaining study skills through interactions with people more control of the problem being studied. 3.) Scaffolding. The nature of cognitive development is the scaffolding. According To Vygotsky, scaffolding is the grant of aid to a student during the initial stages of learning and then reduce the aid and provide an opportunity to the students to take over the responsibility of getting bigger as soon as he can do so (Slavin in Competed. 2011: 64-65).