3.2. Penyakit 1. Penyakit darah• Pe

3.2. Penyakit
1. Penyakit darah
• Penyebab: Xanthomonas celebensis (bakteri). Bagian yg diserang adalah jaringan tanaman bagian dalam.
• Gejala: jaringan menjadi kemerah-merahan seperti berdarah.
• Pengendalian: dengan membongkar dan membakar tanaman yang sakit.
2. Panama
• Penyebab: jamur Fusarium oxysporum. Bagian yang diserang adalah daun.
• Gejala: daun layu dan putus, pertama daun luar lalu daun dibagian dalam, pelepah daun membelah membujur, keluarnya pembuluh getah berwarna hitam.
• Pengendalian: membongkar dan membakar tanaman yang sakit.
3. Bintik daun
• Penyebab: jamur Cercospora musae. Bagian yg diserang adalah daun dengan gejala bintik sawo matang yg makin meluas.
• Pengendalian: dengan menggunakan fungisida yang mengandung Copper oksida atau Bubur Bordeaux (BB).
4. Layu
• Penyebab: bakteri Bacillus . Bagian yang diserang adalah akar.
• Gejala: tanaman layu dan mati.
• Pengendalian: membongkar dan membakar tanaman yang sakit.
5. Daun pucuk
• Penyebab: virus dengan perantara kutu daun Pentalonia nigronervosa. Bagian yang diserang adalah daun pucuk.
• Gejala: daun pucuk tumbuh tegak lurus secara berkelompok.
• Pengendalian: cara membongkar dan membakar tanaman yang sakit.

3.3. Gulma
Tidak lama setelah tanam dan setelah kanopi dewasa terbentuk, gulma akan menjadi persoalan yang harus segera diatasi. Penanggulangan dilakukan dengan:
1. Penggunaan herbisida seperti Paraquat, Gesapax 80 Wp, Round up dan dalapon.
2. Menanam tanaman penutup tanah yang dapat menahan erosi, tahan naungan, tidak mudah diserang hama penyakit, tidak memanjat batang pisang. Misalnya Geophila repens.
3. Menutup tanah dengan plastik polietilen.


4. Panen
4.1. Ciri dan Umur Panen
Pada umur 1 tahun rata-rata pisang sudah berbuah. Saat panen ditentukan oleh umur buah dan bentuk buah. Ciri khas panen adalah mengeringnya daun bendera. Buah yang cukup umur untuk dipanen berumur 80-100 hari dengan siku-siku buah yg masih jelas sampai hampir bulat. Penentuan umur panen harus didasarkan pada jumlah waktu yg diperlukan untuk pengangkutan buah ke daerah penjualan sehingga buah tidak terlalu matang saat sampai di tangan konsumen. Sedikitnya buah pisang masih tahan disimpan 10 hari setelah diterima konsumen.
4.2. Cara Panen
Buah pisang dipanen bersama dengan tandannya. Panjang tandan yang diambil adalah 30 cm dari pangkal sisir paling atas. Gunakan pisau yang tajam dan bersih waktu memotong tandan. Tandan pisang disimpan dalam posisi terbalik supaya getah dari bekas potongan menetes ke bawah tanpa mengotori buah. Dengan posisi ini buah pisang terhindar dari luka yang dapat diakibatkan oleh pergesekan buah dengan tanah. Setelah itu batang pisang dipotong hingga umbi batangnya dihilangkan sama sekali. Jika tersedia tenaga kerja, batang pisang bisa saja dipotong sampai setinggi 1 m dari permukaan tanah. Penyisaan batang dimaksudkan untuk memacu pertumbuhan tunas.
4.3. Periode Panen
Pada perkebunan pisang yang cukup luas, panen dapat dilakukan 3-10 hari sekali tergantung pengaturan jumlah tanaman produktif.
4.4. Perkiraan Produksi
Belum ada standard produksi pisang di Indonesia, di sentra pisang dunia produksi 28 ton/ha/tahun hanya ekonomis untuk perkebunan skala rumah tangga. Untuk perkebunan kecil (10-30 ha) dan perkebunan besar (> 30 ha), produksi yang ekonomis harus mencapai sedikitnya 46 ton/ha/tahun.


5. Pasca Panen
Secara konvensional tandan pisang ditutupi dengan daun pisang kering untuk mengurangi penguapan dan diangkut ketempat pemasaran dengan menggunakan kendaraan terbuka/tertutup. Untuk pengiriman ke luar negeri, sisir pisang dilepaskan dari tandannya kemudian dipilah-pilah berdasarkan ukurannya. Pengepakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan wadah karton. Sisir buah pisang dimasukkan ke dos dengan posisi terbalik dalam beberapa lapisan. Sebaiknya luka potongan diujung sisir buah pisang disucihamakan untuk menghindari pembusukan

Hasil (Inggris) 1:

3.2. Disease 1. diseases of the blood• Causes: the bacterium Xanthomonas celebensis (bacteria). Parts are parts in the plant tissue.• Symptoms: network become pinkish as bloody.• Control: with the dismantling and burning plants who are sick.2. Panama• Fusarium oxysporum fungus causes:. The leaves are.• Symptoms: leaves wither and drop out, the outside leaves first and then leaves on the stem of the leaf in, split horizontal discharge of vessels, the SAP is black.• Control: unpack and burn the crops that are sick.3. leaf Spots• Causes: fungus Cercospora musae. Parts are leaves with symptoms of sapodilla fruit ripened yg makin extends.• Control: with the use of fungicides containing Copper oxide or Slurry of Bordeaux (BB).4. Wither• Causes: bacteria Bacillus. The attack is the root.• Symptoms: plants wither and die.• Control: unpack and burn the crops that are sick.5. Leaf shoots• Causes: virus with an intermediary Pentalonia nigronervosa aphids. The leaves are tops.• Symptoms: leaves and shoots grow upright for a group.• Control: how to unpack and burn the crops that are sick.3.3. WeedNot long after planting and once the adult canopy formed, weed will be a matter to be promptly addressed. The response is carried out by:1. use of herbicides like Paraquat, Gesapax 80 Wp, Round up and dalapon.2. ground cover planting crops that can withstand the erosion-resistant, shade, not vulnerable pests diseases, do not climb up the banana stems. For example Geophila repens.3. close the ground with polyethylene plastic.4. Harvest4.1. Characteristics and Age Harvest At the age of 1 year average banana has been fruitful. Harvest time is determined by the age of fruit and fruit shape. Typical harvest is mengeringnya leaf flag. Fruit that are old enough to harvest 80-100 days with right fruit is still clear to nearly round. Harvest age determination should be based on the amount of time required for the transportation of yg to the sale so that the fruit does not mature until the moment too in the hands of consumers. At least bananas still hold stored 10 days after received the consumer.4.2. how to HarvestBanana fruit is harvested along with the pistil structures. The length of the bunches are taken is 30 cm from the base of the comb at the top. Use a sharp knife and clean the cutting bunches. Bunches of bananas are stored in reverse position so that the SAP from the former trickle down pieces without defacing the fruit. With this position the banana fruit is spared from injuries that can be caused by friction on the fruit to the ground. After that the banana stems cut to stem tuber is omitted altogether. If available, a batang pisang workforce could be cut to as high as 1 m above the ground. Torture centers Rod intended to spur the growth of shoots.4.3. the Harvest PeriodOn the banana plantations that are broad enough, harvesting can be done 3-10 days depending on the number of productive plants setting.4.4. Production EstimatesThere has been no standard banana production in Indonesia, the world's banana production centers in 28 tons/ha/year are only economical to the estate household scale. For small estates (10-30 ha) and plantations (> 30 ha), an economical production should reach at least 46 tons/ha/year.5. post harvestConventionally bunches of bananas covered with banana leaves are dried to reduce evaporation and transported it to the place of marketing by using open/closed vehicles. For deliveries abroad, the comb of bananas released from pistil structures then dipilah-pilah based on its size. Packing carried out using cardboard containers. Banana Combs entered into a reversed positions with dos in multiple layers. We recommend that you cut pieces of banana fruit tip comb disucihamakan to avoid decay

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

3.2. Disease
1. Blood diseases
• Cause: Xanthomonas celebensis (bacteria). Parts which are attacked inside the plant tissue.
• Symptoms: tissue is red like blood.
• Control: to dismantle and burn diseased plants.
2. Panama
• Cause: The fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Part of being attacked are the leaves.
• Symptoms: The leaves wilt and drop out, the first outer leaves and leaves inside, longitudinal splitting the leaf midrib, black discharge lymphatic vessels.
• Control: unpack and burn diseased plants.
3. Leaf spots
• Cause: The fungus Cercospora musae. Part which is attacked leaves with symptoms of brown spots that increasingly widespread.
• Control: using a fungicide containing Copper oxide or porridge Bordeaux (B).
4. Withered
• Cause: Bacillus. Part of being attacked is the root.
• Symptoms: plants wither and die.
• Control: unpack and burn diseased plants.
5. Leaf shoots
• Cause: virus by aphids Pentalonia nigronervosa intermediaries. Part of being attacked is the leaf buds.
• Symptoms: leaf shoots grow upright in groups.
• Control: how to dismantle and burn diseased plants. 3.3. Weeds Not long after planting and after mature canopy formed, weeds will be a problem that must be addressed immediately. Prevention is done by: 1. The use of herbicides such as Paraquat, Gesapax 80 Wp, Round up and dalapon. 2. Planting cover crops that can withstand erosion, shade tolerance, not vulnerable to pests and diseases, not climbing banana stems. For example Geophila repens. 3. Ground cover with plastic polyethylene. 4. Harvest 4.1. Characteristics and Harvest At the age of 1 year the average banana has been fruitful. When the harvest is determined by the age of fruit and fruit shape. Characteristic of the flag leaf harvest is drying up. Fruits are old enough to be harvested 80-100 days old with right-angled pieces that are still unclear to almost spherical. Determination of harvesting should be based on the amount of time required to transport the fruit to the sales area so not too ripe fruit while up in the hands of consumers. At least resistant bananas still kept 10 days after receipt of consumers. 4.2. How to Harvest Bananas are harvested along the stems. Long bunches taken is 30 cm from the base of the top comb. Use a sharp knife and clean a cut bunches. Bunches of bananas are stored in an inverted position so that the sap from the cut trickle down without contaminating the fruit. With this position banana avoid injuries that can be caused by friction with the ground fruit. Once the stem is cut up banana stem tuber eliminated altogether. If the available labor, banana stems can be cut to a height of 1 m from ground level. Torture is intended to spur the growth of stem buds. 4.3. Harvest Period In a fairly extensive banana plantations, harvesting can be done 3-10 days depending on the setting number of productive plants. 4.4. Estimated Production No standard banana production in Indonesia, in the center of the world banana production of 28 tons / ha / year is only economical for household-scale plantations. For small farms (10-30 ha) and large farms (> 30 ha), economic production should reach at least 46 tons / ha / year. 5. Post Harvest Conventionally bunches of bananas covered with dried banana leaves to reduce evaporation and transported to the place of marketing by using the vehicle open / closed. For overseas shipping, banana comb released from their stems and then sorted by size. Packing is done by using a cardboard container. Comb banana inserted into dos with upside down in several layers. Wound should tip comb pieces of banana disinfected to avoid spoilage