Joseph John Thomson lahir di Creeth

Joseph John Thomson lahir di Creetham Hill, pinggiran kota Manchester pada tanggal 18 Desember 1856. Dia mendaftar di Owens College, Manchester tahun 1870, dan tahun 1876 mendaftar di Trinity College, Cambridge sebagai pelajar biasa. Dia menjadi anggota Trinity College pada tahun 1880, ketika dia menjadi penerima Penghargaan Wrangler dan Smith (ke-2). Dia tetap menjadi anggota Trinity College seumur hidupnya. Dia menjadi penceramah pada tahun 1883, dan menjadi profesor pada tahun 1918. Dia adalah professor fisika eksperimental di laboratorium Cavendish, Cambridge, di mana dia menggantikan John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, dari tahun 1884 sampai tahun 1918 dan menjadi profesor fisika terhormat di Cambridge dan Royal Institution, London.

Thomson baru-baru itu tertarik pada struktur atom yang direfleksikan dalam bukunya, yang berjudul Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings yang membuatnya memenangkan Adams Prize tahun 1884. Bukunya yang berjudul Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry terbit tahun 1886, dan pada tahun 1892 dia menerbitkan buku berjudul Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism. Pekerjaan belakangan ini membungkus hasil-hasil yang didapat berikutnya sampai pada kemunculan risalat James Clerk Maxwell yang terkenal dan sering disebut sebagai jilid ketiga Maxwell. Thomson bekerja sama dengan Professor J.H. Poynting untuk menulis buku fisika dalam empat jilid, berjudul Properties of Matter dan tahun 1895, dia menghasilkan buku Elements of the Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, edisi kelima yang terbit pada tahun 1921.

Tahun 1896, Thomson mengunjungi Amerika Serikat untuk memberikan kursus dari empat ceramah, yang meringkaskan penelitian-penelitian barunya di Universitas Princeton. Ceramahnya ini berikutnya diterbitkan dengan judul Discharge of Electricity through Gases (1897). Sekembalinya dari Amerika Serikat, dia memperoleh pekerjaan paling brilian dalam hidupnya, yaitu mempelajari memuncaknya sinar katode pada penemuan elektron, yang dibicarakan selama kursus pada ceramah malamnya sampai Royal Instution pada hari Jumat, 30 April 1897. Bukunya Conduction of Electricity through Gases terbit tahun 1903, diceritakan oleh Lord Rayleigh sebagai sebuah tinjauan atas "hari-hari hebatnya di Laboratorium Cavendish". Edisi berikutnya, ditulis dengan kolaborasi dengan anaknya, George, dalam dua jilid (1928 dan 1933).

Thomson kembali ke Amerika tahun 1904, untuk menyampaikan enam ceramahnya tentang kelistrikan dan zat di Universitas Yale. Ceramah itu memuat beberapa pernyataan penting tentang struktur atom. Dia menemukan sebuah metode untuk memisahkan jenis atom-atom dan molekul-molekul yang berbeda, dengan menggunakan sinar positif, sebuah ide yang dikembangkan oleh Francis Aston, Dempster dan lainnya, yang menuju pada banyak penemuan isotop. Dan lagi, untuk itu hanya disebutkan dan dia menulis buku-buku, seperti The Structure of Light (1907), The Corpuscular Theory of Matter (1907), Rays of Positive Electricity (1913), The Electron in Chemistry (1923) dan otobiografinya, dan buku Recollections and Reflections (1936), di antara banyak terbitan lainnya. Thomson, seorang penerima perintah atas jasa, dilantik tahun 1908.

Dia dipilih menjadi anggota Royal Society tahun 1884 dan menjadi presiden selama 1916-1920; dia memperoleh medali Royal and Hughes pada tahun 1894 dan 1902, dan memperoleh Medali Copley tahun 1914. Dia dianugerahi Medali Hodgkins (Smithsonian Institute, Washington) tahun 1902; Medali Franklin dan Medali Scott (Philadelphia), 1923; Medali Mascart (Paris), 1927; Medali Dalton (Manchester), 1931; dan Medali Faraday (Institute of Civil Engineers) pada tahun 1938. Dia adalah Presiden British Association tahun 1909 (dan dari bagian A tahun 1896 dan 1931) dan dia memegang gelar Doktor Kehormatan dari Universitas Oxford, Dublin, London, Victoria, Columbia, Cambridge, Durham, Birmingham, Göttingen, Leeds, Oslo, Sorbonne, Edinburgh, Reading, Princeton, Glasgow, Johns Hopkins, Aberdeen, Kraków, dan Philadelphia.

Pada tahun 1890, dia menikahi Rose Elisabeth, putir Sir George E. Paget, K.C.B. Mereka dianugerahi seorang putera, sekarang Sir George Paget Thomson, profesor emeritus untuk fisika di Universitas London, yang juga dianugerahi Nobel Fisika tahun 1937, dan seorang puteri.

J. J. Thomson meninggal dunia pada tanggal 30 Agustus 1940.

Hasil (Inggris) 2:

Joseph John Thomson was born in Creetham Hill, a suburb of Manchester on December 18, 1856. He enlisted at Owens College, Manchester in 1870, and in 1876 signed up to Trinity College, Cambridge as a normal student. He became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1880, when he became a recipient of the Wrangler and Smith (2nd). He remains a member of Trinity College lifetime. He became speaker in 1883, and became a professor in 1918. He was professor of experimental physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, where he replaces John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, from 1884 to 1918 and became a distinguished professor of physics at Cambridge and Royal Institution, London. Thomson was recently interested in the structure of atoms which is reflected in his book, entitled Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings for which he won the Adams Prize in 1884. his book, entitled Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry published in 1886, and in 1892 he published a book entitled Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism. Work recently wrapped up the results obtained subsequent to the emergence of a treatise James Clerk Maxwell's famous and often referred to as the third volume of Maxwell. Thomson collaboration with Professor JH Poynting to write a physics book in four volumes, entitled Properties of Matter and 1895, he produced a book Elements of the Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, the fifth edition of which was published in 1921. In 1896, Thomson visiting America States to give a course of four lectures, which summarizes new research at Princeton University. The next lecture was published as Discharge of Electricity through Gases (1897). Upon his return from the United States, he gained the most brilliant job in his life studying the cathode rays mounting on the discovery of the electron, which was discussed during the course of the evening lecture to the Royal Instution on Friday, April 30, 1897. Her book Conduction of Electricity through Gases published in 1903, narrated by Lord Rayleigh as a review of "great days at the Cavendish Laboratory". The next edition, written in collaboration with his son, George, in two volumes (1928 and 1933). Thomson returned to America in 1904, to deliver six lectures on electricity and matter at Yale University. The lecture contains some important statements about the structure of atoms. He discovered a method to separate types of atoms and molecules that differ, using a positive light, an idea developed by Francis Aston, Dempster and others, which led to the discovery of many isotopes. And again, for it is only mentioned and he wrote books, such as The Structure of Light (1907), The Corpuscular Theory of Matter (1907), Rays of Positive Electricity (1913), The Electron in Chemistry (1923) and his autobiography, and the book Recollections and Reflections (1936), among many other publications. Thomson, a recipient of orders for services, inducted in 1908. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1884 and became president during 1916-1920; he obtained a medal Royal and Hughes in 1894 and 1902, and obtained the Copley Medal in 1914. He was awarded the Medal Hodgkins (Smithsonian Institute, Washington) in 1902; Franklin Medal and the Medal Scott (Philadelphia), 1923; Achievements Mascart (Paris), 1927; Achievements Dalton (Manchester), 1931; and the Faraday Medal (Institute of Civil Engineers) in 1938. He is President of the British Association in 1909 (and from part A in 1896 and 1931) and he holds an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Oxford, Dublin, London, Victoria, Columbia, Cambridge, Durham, Birmingham, Göttingen, Leeds, Oslo, Sorbonne, Edinburgh, Reading, Princeton, Glasgow, Johns Hopkins, Aberdeen, Kraków, and Philadelphia. In 1890, he married Rose Elisabeth, putir Sir George E. Paget, KCB They were awarded a son, now Sir George Paget Thomson, professor emeritus of physics at the University of London, who was also awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1937, and a daughter. JJ Thomson died on August 30, 1940.