Mix indeed is material that is composed of two or more pure substances and still has the properties of substances constituting. Most of the material of this nature is not pure, but rather was a mix. As much as the air we breathe every day until the water in the oceans. The air itself consists of several kinds of substances such as oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and more. While the water is composed of water, salts, and other substances.
to obtain pure substances, we should exclude them from its alloy. The principle of separation of mixtures based on differences in physical properties of matter constituting, diataranya State of matter, such as particle size, melting point, boiling point, magnetic properties, solubility, etc. The following are some of the methods in separating mixture.
1. Filtration filtration Process
Filtration is a method of separation is used to separate liquids and solids is insoluble by using a filter (filter) based on differences in particle size. For example filter water mixed with sand is filtered with a filter paper so that the sand will be left on the filter paper.
2. Dekantasi
dekantasi
Dekantasi can be used as one tool in addition to filtration alternatives for separating liquids and solids. Dekantasi done by pouring the liquid slowly, thus solids will be left in the container. Method type is indeed faster than filtration, but the result is still less effective. The result will be more effective when the size of the solids is much larger, for example, mix water with gravel.
3. Centrifugation centrifugation
this type of Method is often done as a substitute for solid particles when filtration is very smooth and the number of its alloy less. Metide centrifugation is widely used to separate blood cells and white blood cells from blood plasma. In this case, the solids are the blood cells and will gather at the base of test tubes, whereas blood plasma is the liquid is at the top.
4. Evaporating
If evaporating salt mixed with water to form a solution, the solution can not be separated by filtration or centrifugation method. The methods used to separate dissolved solids from it is called evaporation. For example, aqueous salt solutions was heated slowly with water vapor. During warming, water is allowed to evaporate slowly-slowly until exhausted, leaving a residue of salt crystals as.
5. Distillation distillation
Distillation is a method of separation of liquid mixtures of it based on the difference in boiling points. If the solution is heated to its boiling point components, then the lower will evaporate first. In everyday life the distilling process is used as a separation of freshwater and sea water, making ethanol or alkhol, and separation process of petroleum distillation of petroleum
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6. Funnel funnel
Mix the two types of liquid substances not mutually dissolve can be separated with a separating funnel and silenced for a few moments to form two separate layers. Such an example is the separation of water with oil
. 7. Chromatography chromatography
Chromatography is a separation of the mixture that occurs because of differences in solubility of substances in solvent as well as differences in absorption (adsorbsi) paper against substances that wanted to separate. A substance that is dissolved in the solvent first and less absorbed in the paper will move more quickly.
in the everyday life of chromatography is useful for:
Test whether the colouring agent used in food is safe for consumption
Test ink used in the forgery of documents such as letters, checks and giro
test whether there were illegal drugs in urine of athletes or drug abuse
checks if pesticides are present in yag vegetables or fruits are still within the limits of safe
8. Sublimation sublimation
Sublimation is a method of separation of a mixture of fellow solid state of matter based on changes. Solid that sublimes (changed to gas or vice versa) can be separated with its alloy with the solid sublimes cannot use the method of sublimation. Examples include a mixture of iodine with salt can be separated by means of heating. The mixture is heated in a ditutp Cup container with a funnel turned upside down. Iodine will steam and become sublimes, but upon touching the surface of the funnel, steam iodine sublimes back into the solids stick to the surface of the funnel so that it can be separated by solid salt.
9 Extraction extraction
Extraction of the chemical content of withdrawal is an activity that can dissolve so that apart from the material that cannot be dissolved by a liquid solvent. Extraction is often done to take a sari from a plant. The results of the extraction are called extract.
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Water Crystallization RecrystallizationCrystallization is the separation of a mixture by means of mengkristalkan or precipitate of substances dissolved in a solution that had been in the form of liquid as well. Usually this crystallization using low temperature to make the patient settles. While the recrystallization is a process of crystallization is restarted. for example we get a Crystal, but Crystal is not pure. to get a more pure crystals do recrystallization. recrystallization is done by means of dissolving the crystals in a solvent is then crystallized it back.
11. Spectrophotometry
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Spectrophotometry is an analysis method based on the measurement of x-ray absorption monokromatis by a colored solution of lanes at specific wavelengths by mengguankan monokromator diffraction grating or Prism with detector Fototube. In the analysis of how long area there are three spectrophotometry of electromagnetic waves are used, i.e. UV area (200-380 nm), the Visible (380-700 nm), the infrared (700-3000 nm).
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