A. The Sense Of DemocracyDemocracy is a form or a country's system of government mechanisms in an effort to realize the people's sovereignty (citizen power) over the country to be run by the Government of that country. One of the cornerstones of democracy is the principle of the trias politica that divides the country's third political power (Executive, judiciary and legislative branches) to be embodied in three kinds of State agencies are off (independent) and is within the ranks that parallel each other. Alignment and the independence of the third type of State agencies is necessary in order for the third-country institutions could mutually supervise and control based on the principle of checks and balances.The third type of State institutions are government institutions that have authority to embody and carry out executive authority, the institutions authorized Court organizes the judicial power and the institutions of the people's representatives (DPR, to Indonesia) who have the authority to run the legislative power. Under this system, the legislative decisions made by the community or by representatives who must work and act according to the aspirations of the community it represents (constituents) and selecting them through a process of legislative elections, in addition to the appropriate laws and regulations. In addition to the legislative elections, many decisions or outcomes are important, such as a country's presidential election, gained through the elections. The general election is not mandatory or not must be followed by all citizens, but by some residents who are eligible and voluntarily following the elections. In addition, not all citizens are entitled to vote (with voting rights). Popular sovereignty in question here is not only the sovereignty in the sense of choosing the President or members of Parliament directly, but in a broader sense. A presidential election or members of Parliament directly does not guarantee these countries as democracies because popular sovereignty directly choose their own President is just a few of the many popular sovereignty. Although his role in the democratic system is not great, an election is often called a party democracy. This is due to the old way of thinking from some people who are still too high, not the idol figures put a system of Government which is nice, as the dream of the Queen of the fair. But as soon as anything was a leader of the country, his life will be much shorter than the life of a system that has been tested is capable of building a State. Many countries democracy only give voting rights to citizens who have passed a certain age, for example the age of 18, and who do not have criminal records (e.g., prisoners or former prisoners).B. The History Of Development Of DemocracyIsitilah "democracy" comes from Ancient Greece that are articulated in ancient Athens in the 5th century b.c. the country is usually regarded as an early example of a system that is related to the law of modern democracy. However, the meaning of the term has changed with time, and the modern definition has evolved since the 18th century, simultaneously with the development of the system of "democracy" in many countries.The word "democracy" is derived from two words, namely demos meaning people, and kratos/cratein which means the Government, so that it can be interpreted as the people's Government, or better known to us as the Government of the people, by the people and for the people. The concept of democracy into a separate keyword in the field of political science. This is reasonable, because democracy is currently touted as an indicator of a country's political development.Democracy was vital in terms of power-sharing in a country (generally based on concepts and principles of the trias politica) and State power is obtained from the people also should be used for the welfare and prosperity of the people.The principle of this kind of Triassic politica became very important to taken into account when the facts of history records the Government (Executive) power is so great it turns out not to be able to establish a just and civilized society, even the absolute powers of the Government often gives rise to a violation of human rights.Similarly excessive powers in other State agencies, such as the excessive powers of the legislature to determine on its own budget for salaries and allowances of its members without regard to the aspirations of the people, will not bring goodness to the people.Essentially, each agency must not only nation accountable (accountable), but there should be a formal mechanism that embodies the accountability of State institutions and mechanisms is capable of operationally (not just in theory) limit the powers of the institutions of the country.C. the development of democracy in IndonesiaSince independence, 17 August 1945, 1945 Constitution Act gave the depiction of that Indonesia is a country of democracy.In the mechanism of his leadership a President should be responsible to the ASSEMBLY, where ASSEMBLY is a body elected from the people. So people should be hierarchically is holder of the country's leadership through a mechanism of representative elected in the general election. Indonesia had experienced a brief period of democracy in 1956 when for the first time organized free elections in indonesia, until then President Sukarno declared guided democracy as a system of Government options. After experiencing the Pancasila Democracy, a democracy that pseudo was created to perpetuate the power of Suharto, Indonesia back into the nature of democracy in 1998 when Suharto's military junta Government uprooted. The second democratic elections for Indonesia established in 1999 which puts Indonesia Democratic party-struggle as the winner of the election.The fascist new order on May 21, 1998, the momentum is a very revolutionary succession and historical country. And on July 5, 2004, there was a change of power through the first round of Presidential Elections. This new history coloring election Indonesia, because for the first time directly choose their President community. As a great nation of course we have a lot to dig the meaning of history.Thursday, May 21, 1998, in a speech at the State Palace of President Suharto finally willing to resign or rather with political language, he stated "quitting as President of Indonesia". Momentum stepped down his King keprabon Indonesia which had ruled for 32 years is certainly very surprising many parties. Because the day before he had been intent on forming the Cabinet would soon reform. After going through a stressful time, and ultimately the regime is so sturdy and rooted successfully subverted. The student movement is once again becoming an important force in the process of this change. A change that has been consuming so many victims, both victims of property as well as lives. Cash only then direct students cheering, weeping happily, and prostrate gratitude over the success of the struggle to overthrow the new order regime.After the fascist new order came second-second opening the door of reform that have so long desired. A glimmer of hope mingled anxiety began opening the window of democracy who for three decades has been closed by pengapnya authoritarianism of the new order. This Momentum into the marker will be the start of a democratic transition expected to re-arrange the wonderful garden of Indonesia. In the days following the word "reform" though there is no written agreement to be the principal jargon infuses the spirit of pro-democracy activists. The lapse of three years after the fall of Soeharto from 1998 to 2000, there have been three times the turnover of regime that gave rise to the names: Habibie, Wahid and Megawati as the President of the Republic of Indonesia. And the third covering of the new President, also tinged with a fierce struggle and no less revolutionary. Again for the umpteenth time that the student be avant guard who break down the changes.
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