Many chemical reactions associated with vulcanization varied, but involves only a few atoms of each polymer molecule. The definition of vulcanization in relation to the physical properties of rubber is any treatment that decreases the flow rate of the elastomer, increasing the tensile strength and modulus as well as preserve its extensibility. Although vulcanization occurred in the presence of heat and sulfur, the process was still in progress slow. This reaction can be accelerated by the addition of small amounts of inorganic or organic material called accelerator. To optimize the work, accelerators require another chemical known as an activator, which can function as activators are metal oxides like ZnO.
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