Reproductive epidemiologists deal with an area that has been shaped by evolution. Selective forces, operate before and during pregnancy, even in the highly medical Industrialized world. ?? Most epidemiologists deal with identifying determinants of diseases, the which MIGHT-operate over time spans of varying length. The induction periods may be very short (eg is a migraine attack is triggered by a given nutritional component?) Or may span many years (eg does prenatal exposure to smoking Affect semen quality?) In reproductive health we study determinants of factors that play a role for successful reproduction. Sometimes this involves studies that span generations, and many studies address couples, or families, rather than individuals. Unlike other fields of epidemiology, the individuals studied in reproductive epidemiology Often are not ill in the common meaning of the word. Women who have repeated abortions or give birth to dead or severely malformed children are usually healthy Themselves, and so are Reviews their partners.?
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