Oil-free or lubricated The rotary screw compressor is available in an oil-injected and oil-free versions. The basic principle is the same (the rotors 'push' the water to one side), but they are quite different machine. The big difference is the design of the compressor elements, the part where the actual compression takes place. The oil-injected version needs oil to operate and properly; The oil-free version does not need oil. Because of this, the rotors used in oil-free screw compressors are of superior quality with very little space in between them. They do not touch each other though; otherwise they would wear down too quickly intervening. For this reason, they are a lot more expensive. Oil-injected models are by far the most common of screw-type compressors, oil-free models are used for specific applications special. I've mostly seen them on the big factories like oil / gas or chemical refineries, big food factories or other places where the compressed air must be 100% oil-free (otherwise it could contaminate the food, product or chemical process).
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