Pengenalan teknologi informasiBab 1

Introduction to information technologyChapter 1:Computer hardwareConcepts of information technology• Hardware H/W• The software S/W• Database systems• Telecommunications & Networks• Internet, Intranet & ExtranetsHardware: Input, processing & OutputDevice• Why learn about Hardware?Chapter Review• In this chapter, we will learn:-Hardware components:• CPU (central processing unit)• Memory (primary and secondary storage)• Input devices• Output devices.-Classification of the computer with the power.– Strategic issues regarding hardware.Hardware components• Central Processing Unit (CPU)• Memory• Input devices (Equipment Input)• Output Device (Equipment Output)• Communication devices (EquipmentCommunicationCPUS (continued)• Microprocessor that executesinstructions for performing processing tasks.The components are:-Control Unit-Arithmetic-Logic Unit-Register-Primary StorageCPUS (continued)The control unit •-Access program instructions-Decode (interpret) the instructions-Control the flow of data throughout the system-The Data flow through the buses are calledCPUS (continued) • Arithmetic-Logic Unit -Perform calculations on the data -Performs comparative dataCPUS (continued)• The Register-High speed storage-Hold the data and instructions-Before, during, and after the execution by a CPUCPUS (continued)• Primary Storage (main memory)-Store the instructions of the program-Store data for processingMachine cycle• 4 cycle processCPUS (continued) • Machine Cycle Instruction involves two the instruction and execution phases: -Step 1: take the instructions. The instruction is taken from the main storage by the Control Unit -Step 2:. The Control Unit translates instructions instructions are translated and forwarded to the The processor's execution units as appropriate. -Step 3: Execute the instruction. The PESTLE to receive data and instructions and do-step 4: saving the results. The result is stored in the main storageImplementation instructions CPUS (continued)• Computer performance is measured in part by thethe number of machine cycles carried out instructionsper second (MIPS).• The factors that affect performance include:-Word length-Wide bus (Mhz)-Width-Clock speed:• a series of electronic pulses that are generated at specified levels that affect the timing of the cycle of the machine.• Clock speed is often measured in a megahertz (MHz, millionscycle per second) the gigahertz (GHz, or billions of cycles perthe second).CPUS (continued)• Microprocessor is thriving because of the-Miniaturization of transistors-Reduce the distance between transistors onchip (a decrease of line width)-Increase the electrical conductivity of (flow)-Improve the instruction set is programmed into thechip.• Smaller, faster, cheaper, more powerfulchips with each generation.Basics of computer memory• Digital computer, and represents the data in thebit pattern• Bit stands for binary digIT. Binarythe system consists of two values: 0 & 1• 8 bit = bytes• Basic storage size is a Byte incomputer• Set the ASCII code of the character that is unique toeach pattern & 0s 1s in bytes.• Kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyteCharacteristics of memory-Speed-Volatility– Method Of Acces• Serial Access• Random access• Parallel access-Portability-CapacityTypes of memory chips....Advanced....Primary Storage (main memory)• Main memory is a temporary storagethe region holds three things ...-the information you work with-the software applications you useoperating systems software• Increase the memory capacity increasesystem performancePrimary Storage (main memory)• The Types Of Primary Storage-Registers of the CPU; very fast; very limitedthe capacity of the– Random Access Memory (RAM)-memory chips on themotherboard; General instructions and program storagedata; volatile-Cache Memory-faster than RAM; used to provideIntermediate storage between secondary storage and RAM-Read-only Memory (ROM) chip – keep a permanentinstructions needed by the computer; non-volatileSecondary storage• The characteristics of the-Non-volatile data storage andinstructions-Large storage capacity-Less expensive than Primary Storage-Slower than Primary Storage-Magnetic and optical storage MediaTypes of secondary storage• Magnetic Tape-Cheap, slow and sequential access: good for backup• Magnetic Disk-Floppy disk-Hard disk• Memory cards and cartridges• Optical-CD-ROM, CD-RW-DVD-FMD-ROMStorage for the enterprise• Storage systems company-providinga coordinated storage, secure and manageable for allcompany data.-Redundant array of independent disks(Attack)-Storage area network-Network attached Storage• Storage-service providers third partythe storage utility

The introduction of information technology
Chapter 1:
The computer hardware

concepts information technology
• Hardware H / W
• Software S / W
• Database systems
• Telecommunications & Network
• Internet, Intranet and Extranets

Hardware: Input, Processing and Output
Devices
• Why learn about hardware?

Chapter Overview
• In this chapter, we will learn:
-component hardware:
• CPU (central processing unit)
• Memory (primary and secondary storage)
• the input device
• device output.
-Klasifikasi computer with the power.
- issues strategically about hardware,

hardware components
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Memory
• input device (input)
• Output device (hardware Output)
• communication devices (hardware
communication

CPU (continued)
• microprocessor that executes
instructions to perform duties processing tasks.
the components are:
-Control Unit
-Arithmetic-Logic Unit
-Register
-Storage main
CPU (continued)
the control unit •
-Access user program
-Men-decode (interpret) the instructions
-Control flow of data throughout the system
-Data is flowing through the lines bus called
CPU (continued)
• Arithmetic-Logic Unit
- Perform calculations on the data
- Perform data comparisons
CPU (continued)
• Register
-Speed high storage
-Hold data and instructions
-Before, during, and after execution by CPU
CPU (continued)
• primary Storage (main memory)
-The instructions of the programs
-Save processed data for
machine cycle
• 4 cycle process
CPU (continued)
• instruction cycle Engineering involves two
stages: instruction and execution
- Step 1: Download instructions. Instruction is
taken from the main storage by the Control Unit
- Step 2 :. The Control Unit translates the instructions
instructions are translated and forwarded to the
Unit corresponding processor execution.
- Step 3: Run instruction.The ALU receives data and instructions and perform Step 4: Save the results. The result is stored in the main storage
Execution instruction
CPU (continued)
• Computer performance is measured in part by
the number of machine instruction cycles performed
per second (MIPS).
• Factors that affect performance include:
-Word Long
-wide bus (Mhz)
-wide
- clock speed:
• a series of electronic pulses generated at a predetermined level that affect the cycle time machine.
• the clock speed is often measured in megahertz (MHz, millions of
cycles per second) or gigahertz (GHz, billions of cycles per
second),
CPU (continued)
• Microprocessor growing rapidly because
-Miniaturisasi transistor
-Reduce the distance between transistors on a
chip (reduced width lanes)
-Increase conductivity (flow) of electricity
-Increase instruction set is programmed into
the chip.
• smaller, faster, cheaper, more powerful
chips with each generation.

the basics of computer memory
• computers are digital, and represent data in
the bit pattern
• bit is short for binary digit. The binary
system consists of two values: 0 and 1
• 8 bits = bytes
• Byte is the basic measure of storage in
a computer
• Establish Code of ASCII characters that are unique to
each pattern of 0s and 1s in a byte.
• Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes

Characteristics memory
-Speed
-Volatilitas
- method of access
• access serial
• random access
• Parallel access
-Portabilitas
-Kapasitas

type memory chips
....
Continued
....

primary storage (main memory)
• main memory is a temporary storage
area that holds three things ...
page-that information you work with
on-device application software you use
-system software operations
• increase the capacity of the memory increases
system performance

primary Storage (main memory)
• type primary Storage
-Register-section of the CPU; very fast; very limited
capacity
- Random Access Memory (RAM) -cip memory on
the motherboard; General storage user program and
the data; volatile
cached memory is faster than RAM; used to provide
storage medium between secondary storage and RAM
-Read - only Memory (ROM) - chip permanently storing
instructions required by the computer; non-volatile

storage of secondary
• Characteristics
-Free-volatile storage of data and
instructions
-Kapasitas large storage
-More cost of Primary Storage
-More slow of Primary Storage
-Media magnetic and optical storage

type secondary storage
• Magnetic tape
-cheap, slow and sequential access : good for backup
• magnetic disk
-Disket
-Hard disk
• memory card and cartridges
• Optics
-CD-ROM, CD-RW
-DVD
-PMK-ROM

storage for enterprise
• enterprise storage system-providing
storage coordinated, secure and managed to all
the company's data.
-Berlebihan array of independent disks
(ATTACK)
-Storage area network
-Storage installed networks
• service providers-third-party storage
utility storage